| Sindora glabra Merr. ex de Wit, which belongs to Sindora of caesalpiniaceae, is a plant of evergreen megaphanerophyte, mainly distributed in the southeast Asia and Hainan Island.It is one of tree species which are the most potential bioenergy over the tropical and semitropical regions. S. glabra is a preciously rare plant which is used as oil, spice, herb, architecture etc. But the research reports which had relation to chemical composition of S. glabra were few.This article mainly studied the qualitative and quantitative analysis, extract, separation, identification, antioxidant activities of chemical components of seeds, seed pedicels, leaves, barks, trunks from S. glabra, in order to provide the basis for the breeding development and utilization. The main results were as follows:(1) Through comparison with qualitative detection results of chemical compositions of seeds, seed pedicels, leaves, barfs, trunks from S. glabra, it was showed that the common composition of each part was saccharide; besides, the common composition of the seed pedicels, leaves, barks, trunks was fiavonoids; the common ones of leaves, barks, trunks were phenols and organic acid; the common ones of seeds, seed pedicels were grease, polypeptide and protein, etc.(2) Moisture content of each parts from S. glabra was determined by normal atmosphere oven drying method, total nitrogen was determined by micro-kjeldahl method, crude fat by Soxhlet extraction, total carbohydrate by phenol-sulfuric acid method, total ash by550℃ignition method. The results showed that the content of moisture, total nitrogen, crude fat, total carbohydrate, total ash were10.50%,5.55%,4.08%,34.40%,3.16%in the seeds and13.32%,3.95%,18.64%,10.87%,1.87%in the seed pedicels separately; the content of moisture, total carbohydrate, total ash were12.64%,14.40%,4.44%in the leaves,9.54%,14.09%,6.48%in the barks and8.33%,7.57%,1.18%in the trunks. The moisture content was not much discrepancy in each parts from S. glabra; the total ash content of barks was highest,as6.48%and was less in the seed pedicels and trunks; the total nitrogen content of seeds was higher than the seed pedicels; the content of crude fat and total carbohydrate of the seeds and seed pedicels had a great difference, that explained S. glabra seed pedicels was the main storage placement of oil and S. glabra seeds was nutrientsubstance. The total carbohydrate content of the leaves and barks was close, and were much less than the seeds.(3) Iodine value of oils from S. glabra seeds and seed pedicels was determined by Wijs method, acid value by potentiometric titration, saponification value by potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution method and titrimetry, specific gravity by weighing method. The results showed that iodine value, acid value, saponification value, specific gravity (g/mL) of the oil from the seeds were109.01,3.91,154.56,0.9143separately, the oil from seed pedicels were52.00,8.44,201.25,0.8900. Except specific gravity had a little difference, there was a quite difference between other physicochemical properties. Among them, the oil from seeds belonged to semi-drying oil; the oil from seeds pedicels belonged to non-drying oil. Saponification value of the oil from seeds was obviously less than the oil from seed pedicels, it indicated molecular weight of fatty acid of the former was comparatively large.(4) S. glabra seed and seed pedicel oil was extracted by Soxhlet extraction, and the oil was dealt with methyl esterification process, fatty acid composition of the oil was analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that S. glabra seed oil was detected14kinds of fatty acids, carbon number is9-26, the unsaturated fatty acid accounted for61.72%, saturated fatty acids accounted for38.28%; the seed pedicel oil was checked out8kinds of fatty acids, carbon number is16-24, the unsaturated fatty acid accounted for56.03%, the saturated fatty acids40.07%. S. glabra seed and seed pedicel oil are rich in oleic acid and linoleic acid, which accounted for58.09%in the seeds and55.40%in the seed pedicels.(5) The ethyl acetate low-polar extract was made from the leaves of S. glabra by solvent extract method and silica column chromatography, and were isolated and identified by GC-MS method. Thirty four compounds were separated and identified which accounted for99.97%of total extracts.The main chemical constituents were: Hexadecanoic acid,ethyl ester (12.77%),(1S-cis)-1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-Naphthalene (11.95%),1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl2-ethylhexyl ester (11.10%). The analysis showed that the main types of compositions were fatty acid esters (44.46%),terpenoids (27.19%).In addition, monoterpenoids in the terpenoids accounted for16.69%of the composition gross, sesquiterpenoids10.05%.(6) The trunk oleoresin of S. glabra was analyzed by CGC-MS. Forty-two compounds were separated and thirty-nine compounds were identified, which accounted for94.31%of the oleoresin. The major components were ricinoleic acid (17.91%);7,7,8,8-tetramethyl bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),3-diene-2,5-dione(7.60%); The analysis showed that the main types of compositions were terpenoids (38.04%), fatty acid and its esters (26.35%), ketones (11.98%), aromatic compounds (9.37%), their carbon numbers were10-22. therefore, flammability of trunk oleoresin was similar to diesel. The terpenoids content was the highest, the proportion of sesquiterpenoids was the largest, which accounted for27.11%of chemical compounds, and this was the largest characteristic and predominance of S. glabra oleoresin.(7) The seeds, seed pedicels, leaves, barks, trunks from S. glabra were extracted by ultrasonic wave with70%ethanol, the content of total flavonoids, total phenols of extracting solution were determined and the scavenging capability on (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) DPPH-,(2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical) ABTS+-and (hydroxy radical)-OH of the extracts were studied. The comparison of scavenging capability of each extraction and Vc on DPPH-, ABTS+-and OH was evaluated by ICsovalue.The results showed that the dissolution rate of leaves is the highest, as26.40%, followed by barks were25.57%. The sequence of the total flavonoids yield is as follows:seed pedicels> leaves> barks> trunks> seeds; The sequence of the total phenols yield is as follows:leaves> seed pedicels> barks> trunks> seeds. The yield of total flavonoids, total phenols was higher in the seed pedicels and leaves, which was8.08%,3.94%in the seed pedicels, was7.24%,4.22%in the leaves, was much higher than the seeds and trunks. The scavenging capability sequence of each extraction of S. glabra seeds, seed pedicels, leaves, barks, trunks on DPPH-was Vc> barks> trunks> seed pedicels> leaves> seeds; the sequence on ABTS+-was Vc> barks> trunks> seed pedicels> leaves> seeds, the sequence on OH was Vc> barks> leaves> trunks> seed pedicels> seeds; and the scavenging capability of barks on three free radicals was the strongest in these parts from S. glabra. |
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