| Objective Excessive exercise is a special kind of physiological and pathological process as well as a strong sense of the original stress. Strenuous exercise can cause a series of stress reaction that the gastrointestinal tract, nerve, endocrine system can appear different symptoms or signs. Especially long distance or marathon athletes, during the period of the movement,will appear stomach bleeding, diarrhea or stomach syndrome, which affects the normal training and competition. Therefore, the medical problem of motility gastrointestinal syndrome especially irritability gastric mucosa injury-induced by strenuous exercise has been widely concerned in sport. The influence of Sonchus oleraceus L. total flavonoids 3.2 g/kg(in crude drugs) and 1.6 g/kg was observed on the contents of NF-κB, TNF-α, BGP, BNP, SOD and MDA in serum and gastric mucosal tissue,a rapid, stable and repeatable model of gastric ulcer was established by exercise stress in rats. The preventive mechanism of Sonchus oleraceus L Total Flavonoids were discussed on Exercise Stress-induced Gastric Ulcer,and provided experimental basis for prevention of occurrence and rehabilitation treatment of exercise stress-induced gastric ulcer.Methods One hundred Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including a sedentary control group, a 1-hour no-load group, a 1-hour load group, a 2-hour no-load group and a 2-hour load group with 20 animals in each group and half male and half female. The model of exercise stress-induced gastric ulcer was established by swimming exercise in rats, and the ulcer index(UI) and pathological changes of gastric mucosal were examined. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sedentary control group, 1-hour load model group, high-dose(3.2 g crude drug /kg) group and low-dose(1.6 g crude drug/kg) Sonchus oleraceus L total flavonoids group. The pathological changes and UI of gastric mucosa tissuewas observed, and the SOD activities and content of MDA in gastric mucosal tissue and serum were determined. Immune histochemical method,Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α protein, NF-κB m RNA and TNF-α m RNA in the stomach tissue.The levels of BGP and BNP in serum and stomach tissue were detected by ELISA kits.Results 1.The animal model of exercise stress-induced gastric ulcer was Established(1)The effects of different load and swimming time on gastric mucosal injury were observed in rats.The sedentary control group had no gastric mucosal lesion. Compared with that in sedentary control group,UI of the remaining four groups were significantly increased(P<0.01). Compared with that in 1-hour no-load group, UI was significantly increased in 1-hour no-load group(P<0.01) and 2-hour load group(P<0.01). No significant difference of UI was found between 1-hour load group and 2-hour no-load group(P>0.05) and between 2-hour load group and 2-hour no-load group(P>0.05).(2)The effects of different gender on gastric mucosal injury were observed in rats.The gastric ulcer index of Male rats were higher than female rats in four swimming groups.(3)The results of gastric histopathology.was examine.The damaged degree of gastric mucosa in rats was the higest in 2-hour load group,followed by 2-hour no-load group and 1-hour load group and 1-hour no-load group.2.Preventive effect of Sonchus oleraceus of L. total flavonoids on exercise stress-gastric ulcer.(1) The gastric ulcer index in each group. Gastric ulcer was no found in the sedentary control group. Compared with sedentary control group, the UI of the remaining groups were significantly increased(P<0.01). The UI in low-dose group and high-dose group was significantlymore decreased(P<0.05 and P<0.01) than that in the exercise model group.(2)Effect of Sonchus oleraceus L. total flavonoids on SOD and MDA content in rats. Compared with sedentary control group, SOD activities in gastric mucosal was significantlydecreased(P<0.01), and the content of MDA in gastric mucosal and serum were significantly increased(P<0.05) in cxercise model group. Compared with exercise model group,the high dose of Sonchus oleraceus L. total flavonoids could inhibit the decreaseing of SOD activity in gastric tissue significantly(P<0.01),and decrease the content of MDA in gastric tissue and serum significantly(P<0.05),but the low dose group had no significant effect.(3) Gastric histopathology examination results.the gastric tissue in sedentary control group was simple columnar epithelium, the connective tissue of lamina is filled with gastric gland with no epithelial degeneration and necrosis.The exercise model group showed the degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells,as well as local hemorrhage in gastric mucosa. The epithelial degeneration and necrosis, the presence of congestion and edema in the superficial mucosa were obersved in the high dose of Sonchus oleraceus L. total flavonoids,and no obvious bleeding foci, however the low dose group was slightly worse.(4) The effect of Sonchus oleraceus L. total flavonoids on the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α protein in gastric tissue in rats were mea sured by immunohistochemical method and Western-blotting method.Compared with sedentary control group, the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α protein in gastric tissue were increased in the exercise model group.Compared with the exercise model group, the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α protein in gastric tissue were significantly reduced in the high-dose group,but the low-dose group had no significant effect.(5)The effect of Sonchus oleraceus L. total flavonoids on the expression of NF-κB m RNA and TNF-α m RNA in gastric tissue in rats were measured by q RT-PCR method. Compared with sedentary control group, the expression of NF-κB m RNA and TNF-α m RNA in gastric tissue had obviously increased in the exercise model group. Compared with the exercise model group, the expression of NF-κB m RNA and TNF-α m RNA in gastric tissue were significantly reduced in the high-dose group, but the low-dose group were no significant effect.(6)ELISA method was used to measure the content of BGP and BNP in gastric tissue and serum in rats. Compared with sedentary control group, the content of BGP and BNP in exercise model group were markedly decreased. Compared with the exercise model group, the content of BGP and BNP were significantly increased both high-dose group andlow-dose group, the high-dose group increased more obviously.Conclusion 1.Sonchus oleraceus L. total flavonoids exerts a significant preventive effect on exercise stress-induced gastric ulcer.2.The idea gastric ulcer model in rats is established by 1 hour swimming with equivalent to 2% of body weight.3.Male rats are more sensitive to exercise stress and more prone to exercise stress-gastric ulcer than female rats.4.The Sonchus oleraceus L. total flavonoids have a certain anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors in cells, reducing the inflammatory reaction to damage in gastric mucosa cells.5.The Sonchus oleraceus L. total flavonoids have a certain regulating action on BGP and BNP to protect gastric mucosa. |
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