| Background:The eyes are the windows of the soul of man, more than 80 percent of human cognitive behavior is obtained through visual, visual function abnormalities to the people’s work, study and live great inconvenience. Vision problems for young children is one of the most common health problems.In China, the incidence of visual abnormalities in the rapidly expanding and tends to younger age, vision problems seriously affect the healthy growth of young children become much growing concern public health problem, and has been incorporated into the WHO’s "Vision 2020" plan. According to the findings of a joint Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health show that China’s population 33% incidence of myopia, is 1.5 times the world average, the total number of myopia nearly 400 million people, ranking in the world. Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health 2000 survey results show that pre-school children 12.5-25% incidence of abnormal vision, myopia prevalence of 2-6%. Refractive errors are the main reason for pre-school children vision abnormalities, as well as the most common cause of amblyopia and strabismus. Good vision is that people can read, write, and perform live successfully in various social activities prerequisite, and pre-school children mature critical period of visual development, abnormal vision also prone period, it has a great visual development plasticity, if they can detect abnormal vision pre-school children and timely intervention, most of the vision anomalies can be corrected and cured. Therefore, special attention should be visual health of pre-school children, early detection of abnormal children’s vision and timely and correct treatment. Experts call:Focus on children’s vision health for all children so that China " the right to see." Protect eyesight and prevent myopia pre-school children should start.Objective:By Qingzhou pre-school children 3 to 6 years old vision and refractive state of cross-sectional survey to find Qingzhou 3-6 years old children and the incidence of abnormal refractive vision abnormalities, early detection and possibly beyond the normal range unusual problems affecting children’s visual development, correct and timely treatment. Look for associated factors, for the protection of children’s vision, refractive error prevention to provide basic information to develop appropriate interventions for the health sector in Qingzhou, to carry out targeted pre-school children eye care to provide a reference, in order to promote school-age former child vision health, so that they can smooth to learn, work and obtain employment and play a positive role.Methods:Epidemiological studies have described the use of the current situation through stratified random cluster sample survey, first of all kindergarten Qingzhou into urban and rural two, and then randomly selected from four cities, rural co-extracted 6 10 kindergarten, kindergarten randomly from each cluster in each extract large, medium and small a total of 917 classes from 3 to 6 years old pre-school children as research subjects, because the vision of children does not mean abnormal refractive errors, but Qu light state can indirectly reflect the situation of children’s visual development, so the status quo vision of pre-school children in the survey method using visual acuity and refractive screening at the same time, the 3-year-olds using child graphic visual form and use of children under 4 years and over International Standard E word logarithm tables uncorrected distance visual acuity examination, with the United States Wyler handheld SureSight automatic refractometer detects the refractive status of children, and parents of children questionnaires related factors, access to the raw data, the application EpiData 3.1 software for data entry and validation, using SPSS 13.0 statistical analysis of their results, the application of non-conditional Logistic regression model for the possible factors binary multi-factor analysis, stepwise regression, screening out the main factors,test level a=0.05;rate and composition ratios were compared using x2 test, with P<0.05 indicate a statistically significant difference.Results:1. Qingzhou pre-school children 3 to 6 years old vision abnormalities The screening results showed that by Qingzhou 917 pre-school children aged 3 to 6 were detected abnormal vision screening 139 children, including 26 children with amblyopia, vision anomaly detection rate of 15.16%(139/917), amblyopia prevalence was 2.84%(26/917); boys abnormal vision detection rate 15.07%(74/491), for girls is 15.26%(65/426); compare male and female children’s vision abnormal detection rate, the difference was not statistically significant(x2= 0.00, P> 0.05); rate between urban and rural children with vision disorders was statistically significant(x2= 13.817, P <0.01); different Compare rates among age groups, the difference was statistically significant(x2=8.588, P<0.05); as we age, the detection rate decreased vision disorders, children 6 years old to set another rising trend.2. Qingzhou refractive error of 3 to 6 years old pre-school children The screening results showed that by Qingzhou 917 pre-school children 3 to 6 years old refractive detect refractive errors were detected 348 children. refractive error detection rate of 37.95%(348/917). Among them, the boys refractive error number 186, girls 162 people, male and female children’s refractive error detection rate was 37.88%(186/491) and 38.03%(162/426), respectively, of male and female children’s refractive error there was no significant difference in the incidence(x2=0.001, P> 0.05); urban and rural children, the difference was statistically significant (x2= 15.480, P<0.01), a comparison between the different age groups, the difference was statistically significant (x2=13.441, P<0.05). Unusual type of refractive survey detected with hyperopia, followed by astigmatism, respectively, accounting for 81.03 percent of refractive anomalies (282/348) and 15.23%(53/348), myopia accounted for 3.74%(13/348), and with age, hyperopia and myopia rate decreased significantly.3. By Logistic regression analysis, when a=0.05 significance level, the impact of Qingzhou 3-6 years old children vision abnormalities risk factors include children’s daily look at cell phones, computers, iPad and other electronic products, time, watch TV the time and distance, outdoor activities, and parent awareness and recognition of the extent of the protection of children in vision. (All P<0.05). The parents of the vision and the presence of little relevance hereditary eye diseases, nutritional status of children and children’s sleep every time vision abnormalities affect pre-school children protective factors, parents’educational level affect vision pre-school children confounders development.Conclusion and suggestion:1. Qingzhou 3-6 years old children vision abnormalities and a higher incidence of refractive errors, and showing the trend of younger age, and the rest of the reported cases are basically the same, should pay close attention to the relevant local health departments.2.Qingzhou 3-6 years old children vision abnormalities and refractive anomalies are male, there was no significant difference between girls in urban than in rural areas, with a statistically significant difference between the characteristics of different age groups.3.Qingzhou 3-6 years old children vision and risk factors 3. Impact refractive development include:children daily to see mobile phones, computers and other electronic products, iPad time, look at the time period and distance, outdoor activities, television and parents child protection awareness of vision and cognitive behavior, and the nutritional status of children and children’s daily sleep time is affected pre-school children vision abnormalities protective factors, parents’ educational level is confounding factors affecting visual development of pre-school children.4.Protect eyesight and prevent myopia pre-school children should start. Regular vision screening for pre-school children, early detection of children’s vision disorders and refractive errors, timely and correct treatment, to improve children’s vision, refractive error prevention has a positive meaning. Eliminate and ameliorate the effects of children’s visual development of a variety of adverse factors preclude taking a variety of health education methods, and actively carry out comprehensive control measures Trinity, protect and promote the healthy development of pre-school children in vision. |
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