Study Of The Effect Of Different Implant Surface On Experimental Peri-implantitis

Objective:With the development of oral implantology, dental implants are used more and more in restoration of dentition defects. However, implant failure was reported in clinical practice sometimes, which resulted from a lot of causes. Peri-implantitis is the most common reason. And the key of long-term success of dental implants is the good combination of planting body surface and surrounding soft tissues. Necks of implant surface contact directly with surrounding soft tissues. And its characteristics are the main factors which influences implants combine with soft tissues. This experiment focuses on three implants with different surface treatments: Anthogyr(SA surface)、DIO(RBM surface)、Dentium(SLA surface) in dogs with experimental peri-implantitis, and studies influences of the development of it, which provides theory for the choice and use of dental implants in clinical practice. Methods:Using 6 experimental healthy adult beagle dogs, pulling out their premolar teeth each side, and then immediately implanting Anthogyr、DIO、Dentium into each extraction socket randomly, and taking random side as control group. Each kind of implants was 12. Experimental group was divided into SA group, RBM group, SLA group in accordance with different surface treatment. Two-stage operation was taken on each dog after three months, and alveolar bone was repaired abreast to the top of implants. Then we twist healing abutments and shot X rays and recorded them. Neck of implants were ligated with silk soaked with gum purine thread ligation of bacterium after two weeks, match a high sugar diet, and models of peri-implantitis were made. Periodontal probing and X-rays were taken each two week from tiring silk thread. Silk thread was removed after 6 weeks. Then Dogs were sacrificed with overdose of anaesthetic. Bone block specimens with implants were taken from mandible. Embedding, sectioning, mounting soft and hard tissue grindings, then we observe the histology of soft tissues around three groups of implants after methylene blue-acid fuchsin staining. Results:(1) X-rays showed good osseointegration in three groups after three months’ implanting.(2) Good combination of implants’ abutments and soft tissues was observed, indexes of probing were normal, and X-rays showed that bone height were abreast to the top of implants in three groups before tiring silk thread.(3)There was significant difference between the SLA group and the other two with sulcular bleeding index(SBI) and probing depth(PD) after 4 and 6 weeks’ tiring silk thread(p<0.05), but no statistically significant differences between the SA group and the BMP group control group was normal.(4) There was no obvious difference in X-rays between the group SA and the group RBM with vertical bone resorption(VBL),but statistical significance(p<0.05) exist in between the SLA group and the other two groups. Among them, vertical bone resorption(VBL) was the least at 4 and 6 weeks. And there was no significant difference in horizontal bone resorption(HBL) in three groups, but no horizontal bone resorption(HBL) in the control group.(5) It showed that the distance was the closest in the group SLA, and SA group had no significant difference with RBM group, but significant difference between SLA group and the other two groups(p<0.05).Therefore we argued that the adhesion in group SLA was closer through histological observation and the measurement of vertical distance from implant surface to gingival epithelium. Conclusion:There were differences among the different surface implants which influenced the development of peri-implantitis. The adhesion to soft tissues in SLA group was closer and it performed better in preventing peri-implantitis.