| G. rigescens is an important plant resource in China, analyzing elements stoichiometry characteristic of G. rigescens and investigating the factors affecting the chemical composition, has significantly ecological and economic benefits for the sustainable development of agriculture in medicinal plants in China and provide basic data for quality control cultivation technology research of G. Rigescens.The contents of 8 mineral elements(B, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn) in G. rigescens(root, steam and leaf) collected from 4 different planting patterns(monoculture, planting with Camellia sinensis, Alnus nepalensis and Cunninghamia lanceolata) and their underlying soil were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) and multivariate analyses were used for analysis. The content of Mo was not detected(<0.15 μg/g), but the contents of Ca, Fe and Mn were rich among different samples. The leaf of monoculture had the highest content of Ca(8181 μg/g), the root of monoculture had the highest content of Fe(2228 μg/g), the leaf of G. rigescens planting with A. nepalensis had the highest content of Mn(910 μg/g). The content of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni were different at the 0.05 level in different organs in the same planting patterns. In different planting patterns, the contents of Fe and Mn were different in the sample of G. rigescens. The elemental contents in the sample of monoculture and the sample planting with C. lanceolata and A. nepalensis were significantly correlated with some elements in their underlying soil. The mineral elements absorption rates of G. rigescens were different in different planting patterns and the absorption abilities of Ca, Cu, Mn and Zn were higher than other elements in G. rigescens, the absorption ability of Cu was the highest in the leaf of G. rigescens which planting with C. sinensis.The sequence of average element contents in G. rigescens is Ca(5238±2111)>Fe(622±238)>Mn(379±301)>Cu(75±91)>Zn(46±13)>B(17±4.9)>Ni(5.6±3.1), which is consistent with the change tendency of mineral elements content in the soil. In the root, the sample intercropping with C. sinensis of 15-year had the highest content of B, Ca, Fe, Mn and Ni, which was 18, 3797, 1050, 254 and 11 μg/g, respectively. The sample intercropping with Camellia sinensis of 12-year had the highest content of Cu and Zn, which was 244 μg/g and 38 μg/g, respectively. Mineral elements content in the same organ in G. rigescens intercropping with C. sinensis of different growth years were significantly different, especially for the content of Cu and Mn in root, and the variation range were 19~244 μg/g and 79~254 μg/g, respectively, with a difference of 12.8 times and 3.2 times respectively; The content of Cu in the steam of G. rigescens intercropping with C. sinensis of 15-year and 19-year were 177 μg/g and 11 μg/g, respectively, with a difference of 16.1 times; The content of Cu in the leaf of G. rigescens intercropping with C. sinensis of 3-year and 5-year were 325 μg/g and 11 μg/g, respectively, with a difference of 29.5 times. The relationship and the bioconcentration factors of mineral elements were different in the sample intercropping with C. sinensis of different growth years, the bioconcentration factors of Ca, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn were higher in the root of the sample intercropping with C. sinensis of 15-year, the bioconcentration factors is 21, 3.3, 2.2, 1.8 and 4.7, respectively.N, P content in G. rigescens in different planting patterns showed leaf>stem>root. The content of N in the root, stem and leaf in G. rigescens ranged from 6.18 to 11.53 mg/g, 7.69 to 13.79 mg/g and 14.00 to 24.29 mg/g, respectively; the content of N in the root and stem decreased first and then increased along with the increasing growth year of Camellia sinensis. In the root, stem and leaf, the contents of P(0.49, 0.70 and 1.20 mg/g, respectively) were lower in the sample intercropping with C. sinensis of 3-year; the contents of P(1.18, 1.53 and 2.38 mg/g, respectively) were higher in the sample when intercropping with C. sinensis of 4-year, but the rates of N/P(7.30, 7.12 and 8.46, respectively) were lower. The rate of N/P was lower than 14 in the leaf of G. rigescens which intercropped with C. sinensis of 3-year, 4-year, 5-year, 9-year and 12-year, at this time, the sample was limited by N. The N/P of G. rigescens intercropping with C. sinensis of 15-year and the sample planting with Cunninghamia lanceolata in the leaf were higher than 16, which means that the sample was limited by P. The N content in the sample intercropping with C. sinensis of 5-year was significantly correlated with the element in their underlying soil.ICP-AES after microwave digestion was used to determine the inorganic constituents(B, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mg, Na, Ni, Sr, Zn), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) was used to determine the organic compounds(sweroside, gentiopicroside, swertiamarin and loganic acid) in Longdan and its processed products. The concentrations of toxic elements(Cr and Zn) were reduced, but most of the other elements concentrations were all increased. The sequence of sweroside level in Longdan and its processed products was as followed: crude sample > wine-processed > reference control > vinegar-processed > salt water-processed, while the levels of gentiopicroside, swertiamarin and loganic acid in Longdan followed in the order: crude sample>reference control>wine-processed>vinegar-processed>salt water-processed.The multivariate statistical analysis and the biological enrichment coefficient analysis of G. rigescens showed that the compound planting affected mineral elements correlation between the plant and soil and biological enrichment coefficient. Initial processing and after processing, the content of chemical components of G. rigescens changed significantly, with a certain relationship between the organic component and inorganic component. |
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