| Objective:To understand the main kind of occupational hazard factors and damage degree in Changsha city by studying the general information about occupational health and the occupational disease hazard situation. To find out the changing rule and the influence factors of the occupational hazard factors as well as the distribution and damage degree in different hazard risk, industry, industrial park, enterprise scale. To give guidance for controlling occupational diseases and the foundation to government about scientific decision for the occupational disease prevention.Methods:Collect the Occupational Health Survey data in Changsha in2011and the data of occupational hazard factors monitor in Changsha from2008to2013. Then carry out the descriptive statistical analysis on enterprise distribution, the structure of the enterprise in different years, industry structure, exceeding standard rates of monitoring points and companies as well as different occupational hazard factors by Excel2010and SPSS13.0, and analyze influence factors of exceeding standard rates by ordinal regression.Results:1) There are6districts and2counties as well as one city in Changsha city, which contains3212companies existing occupational hazard. The largest number is private enterprises (41.2%) and collective enterprises (3.0%) is at least. Labor contract rate of the occupational-disease-inductive businesses in Changsha is91.0%, and Liuyang City (76.3%) is at least. The rate of signing occupational insurance is92.7%and Furong district has the lowest, which is77.1%. Four of nine districts, county (city) in Changsha have the occupational disease prevention and control institutions, whose main occupational health professionals is primary title personnel(53%). The funds for occupational health in Changsha is unbalanced. Kaifu district, furong district, yuelu district and yuhua have no occupational health funding.2) General and special equipment manufacturing (124,21.5%) is the most enterprises detected. Heavier harm enterprises (61.9%) is the most enterprises according to the hazard risk. According to the industrial park the companies are mainly not in the industrial park (58.8%). The joint stock companies (27.2%) are the most according to the economic types, small business is the most (52.3%) according to the size. The composition of enterprise is consistent in hazardous risk, industrial park, economic type, size, industry from2008to2013, but there are differences between the industry structure in quarter, hazardous risk, industrial park, economic type, size.3) There are26703points are detected in six years, and4751(17.8%) are over the limit of country letting standard. The exceeding standard rates is found decreasing with time. The rate is highest in July and in non-industrial park(19.7%). The economic type of highest exceeding rate is collectives (28.6%). The industry of highest exceeding rate is mining (54.5%). The scale of highest exceeding rate is micro-enterprises (22.6%). The occupational hazard factor of highest exceeding rate is noise (33.9%). The company exceeding rates decreases with time changes and the risk of harm reduction.4) The exceeding rates of dust are higher in pharmaceutical manufacturing (44.3%) and mining (41.8%). The exceeding rates of metal (metalloid) are higher in general and special equipment manufacturing (21.0%) and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing (20.7%). The highest exceeding rate of organic solvent is in pharmaceutical manufacturing (11.5%). The highest exceeding rate of noise is in mining (68.0%). The highest exceeding rate of UV is in chemical materials and chemical products manufacturing (80.0%). The highest exceeding rate of electromagnetic field is in computer, communications and other electronic equipment manufacturing (42.3%). 5) Year, economic type, industry are effect factors of enterprise exceedance of occupational hazards.Conclusion:Furong District, Tianxin District, Yuelu District, Kaifu District, Yuhua District are lack of occupational disease prevention and control institutions. The occupational disease prevention funding of Changsha is not enough. General and special equipment manufacturing industry is the main industry in Changsha. From2008to2013, the total exceeding rate of occupational hazards in industrial enterprises of Changsha is17.8%. The exceeding rates of non-park enterprises, collective enterprises and mining are higher than others. The exceeding rates of noise, UV, dust, metal and metalloid are higher than other occupational hazard factors. Exceeding rates gradually decreased over time. Year, economic type and industry are effect factors of enterprise exceedance of occupational hazards. |
PDF Full Text Request