Epidemiological Study Of Main Chronic Diseases And Its Risk Factors Among Adult Residents In Disease Surveillance Point Of Ningxia

Objective To understand the prevalence of main chronic diseases and risk factors indisease surveillance point of Ningxia, to analyze the effects of risk factors on hypertension,diabetes and lipid abnormalities in order to providing evidence for developing policy andintervention strategy and adopting specific measure for regional chronic disease control andprevention.Methods The method of sampling was taken the multi-stage random sampling. Tosurvey on chronic diseases and risk factors among more than18years old and abovepermanent residents of Xingqing District and Shapotou District. Each disease surveillancepoints survey of600subjects, two disease surveillance points’ subjects add up to a1200.Results1. Smoking rate, current smoking rate and current daily smoking rate of adultresidents were33.9%,26.4%and23.0%, respectively. For males, smoking were far higherthan females,3parameters described above in males, which were69.0%、53.4%and47.3%,respectively. Current smoking rate and current daily smoking rate trend were increased at thebeginning then decreased later.22.1%of smokers had quitted smoking and16.7%of smokers had quitted smokingsuccessfully, and with the age growth is on the rise.37.1%of non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoking with proportion in Xingqing District higher than Shapotou District.2. Drinking rate, months drinking rate, years drinking rate, hazardous drinking rate,harmful drinking rates were45.9%,35.7%,10.3%,1.3%and1.4%, respectively. Above drinking index, males are higher than females. The harmful drinking proportion in XingqingDistrict(2.2%) was higher than Shapotou District(0.7%).3. Rice or wheat were the food that Ningxia disease surveillance point residents ate mostfrequently, and99.9%residents eat it every day. The proportion of inadequate intake ofcalcium, meat, poultry, aquatic products were5.5%,21.8%,64.6%and75.1%, respectively,and these proportion in Shapotou District being higher than Xingqing District, and the higherlevel of education, the lower percentage inadequate intake.4. The survey residents lack of physical exercise rate as high as83.5%with proportion inShapotou District（88.5%）being higher than Xingqing District（78.5%）; the lack of physicalexercise rate trend were increased at the beginning then decreased, illiterates lack of physicalexercise rate was the highest,90.9%. The survey residents static behavior too long rates ashigh as75.8%, with proportion in Xingqing District（81.5%）being higher than ShapotouDistrict（70.2%）;The static behavior for too long rates increased with increased of educationlevel. The lack of sleep time was16.5%, with proportion in Xingqing District（23.0%）beinghigher than Shapotou District（10.0%）.5. Overweight rate, the obesity rate and central obesity rates were33.3%,12.6%and45.9%, respectively. The high-risk groups were Xingqing District residents, males and olderpersons.6. Morbidity of hypertension in survey residents was35.4%with proportion in malesbeing higher than in females. The prevalence rate increased with the advance of age; itdecreased with the improvement of education degree. Awareness rate of hypertension、treatment rate of hypertension、 drug treatment rate of hypertension、 control rate ofhypertension、drug control rate of hypertension were41.1%,36.0%,34.4%,7.1%and5.2%,respectively. 7. Morbidity of diabetes in survey residents was35.4%with proportion in XingqingDistrict being higher than Shapotou District, the prevalence rate increased with the advance ofage, it decreased with the improvement of education degree. Awareness rate of diabetes、treatment rate of diabetes、drug treatment rate of hypertension were57.5%,55.2%and50.6%,respectively.8. Morbidity of dyslipidemia in survey residents was68.8%, the high-prevalence groupswere Xingqing District residents, males and people of high education level.9. Sex, age, BMI, central obesity and inadequate intake of meat were the influencefactors of high blood pressure; age, central obesity were the risk factors of diabetes; sex, BMI,the static behavior for too long, central obesity and different marital status were the influencefactors of dyslipidemia.Conclusions Risk factors for chronic diseases, such as unreasonable diet, physicalinactivity, the static behavior for too long, overweight, obesity, central obesity had beenexisting widely in adult residents of Ningxia Diseases Surveillance Points, higherprevalence of smoking and drinking were observed in the male.The hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia prevalence rate of18-year-old and above wassignificantly higher than the national average in Ningxia Disease Surveillance Points. Thereare a kind of "three low" phenomenon: the low awareness rates, low treatment rates and lowcontrol rates in residents of Ningxia Diseases Surveillance Points.According to the survey results: males, more than40years of age, weighing more thannormal and central obesity, should be the focus of the intervention groups.