| Xinjiang belongs to the continental climate and oasis irrigation agriculture, which is the high yield region of national soybean. It is very important significance on understanding the genetic diversity of Xinjiang main cultivated soybean variety for breeding soybean and industry development in Xinjiang. Investigating the evolution relationship between different Xinjiang soybean populations at the molecular level can ensure stable yield and quality of soybean and improve the competitiveness of international market. Molecular marker as a true reflection of the genetic material plays an important role in widening the parental origin and rational allocation of parental combination.In this study, genetic diversity analysis was carried out by phenotypic data and molecular data of Xinjiang soybean germplasm resources. The differences in genetic background between Xinjiang soybean germplasm were fully understand, and the the backbone parents were also determined. The difference analysis of 9 agronomic characters of 26 soybean varieties showed that there are significant differences between different materials, showing the rich morphological diversity. Pod number per plant, grain number per plant, seed weight per plant were the major factors of yield, its coefficient of variation was reached above 20%, which was suggested that it was rich in plant-type traits and yield component factors of Xinjiang soybean germplasm resources. The principal component analysis of these morphological data for the selected materials was carried out by DPS statistical analysis software. Based on the principal component analysis, the results were classified into 7 types. Class I: higher biological yield, longer growing days, taller plant high, belonging to the late maturing high-yielding type; class II: less pods number per plant, higher 100 grain weight, belonging to the big grain type; class III: higher biological yield, higher 100 grain weight, belonging to the tall plant type; class IV: belonging to the general type; class V: lower biological yield, belonging to the dwarf plant type; class VI: shorter growing days, lower biological yield, belongs to the early maturing type; class VII: more pods number per plant, lower 100 grain weight, belongs to the more pods and seeds type.Forty selected soybean parents were amplified by PCR Using 35 pairs of SSR primers. The clear bands were amplified by 30 pairs of primers. 78 bands were amplified in total, and 2.6 bands were amplified by each primer on average. In these bands, 74 bands were polymorphic bands. Based on the results of SSR amplification, 40 soybean varieties will be classified into 4 clusters. The results were indicated that the relationship between soybean varieties in different regions was far, and the genetic background of soybean varieties in the same regions was similar. Cluster I: including new soybean No. 8, Yi soybean No. 1, flat 94-1-4(42P-41), flat 94-1-4(42P-42), mostly for the Xinjiang breeding cultivars; cluster II: including MN1301, Ke 01-5061, Gang 9612-6, North 8731, mostly for the induced varieties; cluster III: including P54-89, Mi 9-11(41P-18) and so on, mostly for the Xinjiang breeding or strains cultivars; cluster IV: including Heinong 41, Beifeng 13, Ke 99-5182 and so on, mostly for the induced varieties.Otherwise, the different genotypes materials were evaluated by the average internode distance, node number, effective pod number, seed number per plant, 100 grain weight and other major agronomic traits. Ten parents with good backbone were selected from the tested materials, including 3 varieties of cluster I(Ken 98-5129, king of kings, new soybean No. 8), 4 varieties of cluster II(MN1301, 99-168, Ke 8644, Kennong 18), one varieties of cluster III(Shi soybean No. 2), 2 varieties of cluster IV(17-125-830, Heinong 43). |
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