The Reasons On Maize Planting Trends And The Analysis Of Pros And Cons In Heilongjiang Province

Maize is one of the major crops in Heilongjiang province,which plays an important role in the production of grain reserves,feed and industrial raw materials. In recent years, maize planting area in Heilongjiang Province has from 2004 year in 214.2 million hactares,surge to by 6.762 million hactares in 2013 year,and continue to maintain steady and rapid growth trend.This study aimed at the phenomenon that the maize planting area increased year by year in Heilongjiang Province,and the research methods a literature review,visiting investigation and data statistics,and the paper mainly discusses the change of maize planted in Heilongjiang Province and its advantages and disadvantages. Aims to provide theoretical basis for the adjustment of crop planting structure in Heilongjiang province,at the same time that also to realize sustainable development of agriculture in Heilongjiang province has a certain guiding significance.The research results are as follows:(1) The accumulated temperature zone of Heilongjiang moved to north is the important reason for the maize planting area increased. The research results show that the global warming make the accumulated temperature zone of Heilongjiang moved to north province as many as three latitude, the expansion phenomenon appeared more area planting maize.(2) The development of mechanization, increase the level of science and technology, which made maize planting area increased. The reason is that maize is a perfect crop with mechanical work, from input to output field. According to statistics, in 2012 in Heilongjiang province agricultural machinery total power of 45.493 million kw, ranking second in the country, the agricultural mechanization development and gradually perfect, provides a basis for large-area mechanized planting maize. At the same time, fertilization technology and fertilizer levels such as the improvement of agricultural technology increase the maize production, driving the maize planted..(3) The maize planting area to expand influence crop planting structure in Heilongjiang province. The results show that Heilongjiang province soybean acreage has from 2004 in 4.82 million hactares, reduced to 2013 in 2.07 million hactares reduce the area of almost all used to grow maize.(4) The maize planting area is expanded with dual effect. Maize planting area and yield increase in Heilongjiang province can achieve one hundred billion catties of grain production capacity and guarantee the national grain production safety, at the same time, it also can increase the income of farmers. But it also caused negative effects, however, research shows that: with the expanding of maize planting area, fertilizer use presents increasing trend, from 2004 in 1.48 million tons increased to 2013, 2.45 million tons, fertilizer caused by the excessive consumption of resources. Maize planting area to expand to produce a large number of straw, burning is the main way to deal with straw, however, in 2013, the province maize straw burning amount is 37.414 million tons, aggravated pollution of the environment, therefore, the rational use of straw will be a problem to be solved. At the same time, the maize continuous cropping soil acidification is serious, the camp several farms in Heilongjiang province plot of soil p H value had fallen to 4.5. In addition, the area planted maize from a dramatic loss of quality.In view of the pros and cons of maize planting in Heilongjiang province to expand. The future development of maize production to make a reasonable from the aspects of ecological, economic and political, comprehensive planning, On the one hand, to pay attention to the nurturing of new maize varieties, on the other hand, to properly control the trend of maize area continue to increase.