The Pros And Cons Of Ecoservices Of Peanut Cropping System In China

Peanut, as the major cash crops and oil crops, has a high status in the agricultural cropping systems in our country. This paper systematically reviews the costs and the ecological environment research status of the ecosystem services. Based on the analysis of farmland theories of ecosystem services, we concludes the advantages and disadvantages of ecological services of peanut cropping systems. Firstly, as an important agro-ecological sub-systems,the peanut planting system, in addition to its own material production functions, also plays an important role in biological nitrogen fixation, water conservation, maintaining biodiversity, and promoting healthy circulation, regulating gas concentration and climate, distributing surplus labor and providing landscape features and other effects in the agricultural ecosystems. Preliminary statistics shows that the average annual value of services generated from the peanut planting system is approximately 6.54×1011 yuan. The largest contribution is to fix CO2 to mitigate the greenhouse effect as the system has great biological nitrogen fixation function and to produce O2 to regulate the atmospheric gas.The following is material production function,which is the most practical and most widely used function. However, at the same time this system also produces a series of environmental problems while running, resulting in environmental costs. The main external environmental costs are producing pollution of (?)mcal fertilizers, pesticides, plastic film, heavy metal, waste of environmental resources, peanut yield and quality decline and so on, resulting in the environmental costs of about 7.11×1010 yuan, accounting for 10.87% of the service value. Environmental costs of peanut ecosystems is mainly concentrated on the heavy metal pollution, accounting for 90% of all the environmental costs. Overall, our peanut ecosystem service value is greater than the impact of the environmental costs, that is much better than harmfulness. From the perspective of ecological economics, environmental costs are not as low as possible, such as application of chemical fertilizers, pesticides causing heavy metal pollution, environmental damage and reducing quality of peanuts. But if we do not use chemical fertilizers, pesticides,which will result in great decline of peanut yield and have a great impact on material production capabilities of the system, and further affect its ability of nitrogen fixation, fixing CO2, producing O2. Therefore, we should not blindly seek to maximize the value or minimize the costs, but ought to find an optimal balance between the value and cost.