Identification And Evaluation Of The High Flavonoids Tartary Buckwheat Resources

Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tartaricum(L.)Gaertn.) has currently becomeone of the healthy foodstuff resources in 21 st century, it is not only rich in beneficial components like bioflavonoids but also playing a significant role in the ensurance of the food safety of mid-west regions where the local ecology and economy are relatively poorin China. Thus, to select the superior tartary buckwheat varieties from the vast germplasms and increasethe quality and yield is of priority to buckwheat industry in China. Simultaneously, the sustainable development of agriculture could be efficiently enhanced as well. Through field comparison and lab experiment, this study has investigated the genetic diversity of 313 tartary buckwheat germplasms origining from areas of Shaaxi, Tibet, Sichuan etc. via the utilization of SSR marker technology. Bleow are the major outcomes:(1)27 pairs of buckwheat SSR primers which demonstrate a good amplification effect in the experimental population were selected from the overall 70 primers whose polymorphisms were reported to be favorable in literatures. Totally, there are 339 molecular marker bands being detected, within which 194 polymorphicbands were attained, occupying 57.2%. There are 6 pairs of primers displaying a higher polymorphic level, for each of them, more than 10 allelic variations could be observed. They are Fes1497(10 bands), BM84(13 bands), BM047(12 bands), BM062(12 bands), GB-FE-017(12 bands), GB-FE-109(10 bands), respectively.(2)Using the NTYspc2.1 software to analyze the genetic diversity of 313 tartary buckwheat germplasms, the overall genetic range was between 0.60 and 0.98, averaging in 0.79. When GS was 0.81, the 313 varieties could be clustered as 7 groups. In specific, 113 accessionscould beassembled as the first group involving two main subgroups. Particularly, varieties from Shaaxi and Southwest could be clustered separately, demonstrating the clustering trend which follows the regional distribution. Inside the second clustering group, 39 accessions from Shaaxi,Tibetand Sichuan were aggregated. 9 germplasms of Shaaxi have exhibited a relatively close affinity and higher genetic similarity withthe varieties from Sichuan and Tibet, reflecting that the formation of the genetic structures of these 9 accessions was in accordance with the germplasm communication between adjacentregions. In the third and fourth group in which 7 tartary buckwheat materials from Shaaxi and 14 varieties from Tibet were clustered respectively, it is apparent that these germplasms have presented an evident regional character. With less genetic disturbance from other tartary buckwheat and the relatively independent genotypes, these two groups could be considered as the representative germplasms of the local tartary buckwheat resources to a certain extent. 24 accessions have constituted the fifth group at the GS value 0.84, this indicates that these varieties have a closer affinity even with a broad scale of origins. In addition, since they both showed an intimate genetic relationship with the germplasms fromthe southwest district, it is reasonable to infer that the integral genetic makeup and evolution of the tartary buckwheat resources in China are fundamentally based on the hereditary basis of Southwest germplasms. Apart from 9 varieties, the sixth group was totally comprised by 61 accessions from Guizhou province, showing that the tartary buckwheat in Guizhou might have a stronger concentricity on the genetic distribution level due to their relatively conservative genotypes, nonetheless, the southwest part of Chinastillremains the genetic center of tartary buckwheat as well as the core zone where gene interaction of tartary buckwheat occurs. The rest 46 tartary buckwheat materials in the seventh group could only be clustered when GS was 0.60, suggesting that theymight possess a higher genetic diversity contrasted with other accessions, however, their genetic variations were still confined to the limited geographic and ecological circumstances.(3)Ultrasonic extraction and spectrophotometric detection were utilized to measure the total flavonoids contents(rutin mass fraction) in the grains of 88 germplasms whose genetic variations were relatively more remarkable in the whole experimental population. The valueof flavonoids rangesfrom 1.41% to 2.54%. Using SPSS19.0 software to operate the statistical analysis of these 88 varieties, based upon ANOVA, the differences of flavonoids contents among these 88 germplasms were insignificant.However, varieties which could be clustered genetically in the same group are involved in the same class in the hierarchical clustering of flavonoids contents and such outcome was totally irrelevant with the geographic distribution, indicating that the genetic foundation of tartary buckwheat should be the dominant factor which affects the biosynthesis of bioflavonoids. Lastly, 24 germplasms with the flavonoids content whichboth exceeded 2.00% were screened. These 24 accessions possess more genetic variations which may endow them with the potential to be identified some advantageous genes or good traits, and the higher flavonoidscontents also imply that they are able to serve as the sources for the breeding of superior tartary buckwheat varieties with superb bioflavonoids.