Research On Ecological Water Demand And Rational Allocation Of Water Resources In Harbin City

The limited nature of water resources determines to a certain extent the unbalanceduse. City at this stage of development process, the limited water resource is allocated toindustrial and agricultural production and urban and rural residents preferentially,resulting in a lack of ecological water. And it causes many ecological and environmentalproblems, such as: rivers, lakes, and wetlands shrink, serious soil erosion, soilsalinization and degradation. Therefore, in the water allocation process, the emphasis onecological water use planning, protection of the ecological water ues safety hasimportant practical significance.In this paper, a series of background information is used to calculate the ecologicalwater ues in2010in Harbin City, such as land use, development and utilization of waterresources, vegetation distribution, wetland distribution, the situation of soil erosion,water quality of the environment, on the basis of clear concept of ecological water usevolume (EWUV) and ecological water demand volume (EWDV), and Hargreaves modelparameter correction for calculating vegetation EWUV. On this basis, according to thelong term planning in Harbin City, EWDV in2020and2030are forecasted, andmeasures to protect the ecological water and water resources allocation program areproposed.Hargreaves model correction and ecological water use calculation results show that:correction of the Hargreaves model is more applicable to the accounting of thevegetation ecological water in Harbin City; in2007the minimum EWUV was5.89billion tons in which the non-winter EWUV was73.96%of the year’s total EWUV andwinter EWUV was26.04%. The minimum river way EWUV accounted for64%of theyear’s total EWUV which is the largest part one, and rural water-soil conservation andwetland EWUV respectively accounted for13%and11%of the total EWUV; thenatural vegetations’ water use and the urban greening and sanitation minimum water usevolume accounted for6%and5%of the year’s total EWUV. The EWUV of restorationecological water for over-exploitation groundwater area accounted for1%, and it is thesmallest part. Besides, The study also showed that a shortage of about18.184billiontons water is between practical ecological water and theoretical ecological water inHarbin. It indicates that the ecological conditions of Harbin are not optimistic.The EWDV forecasting results as follows: in2020and2030, the predicted EWDVin Harbin were8.269billion tons and11.330billion tons. In addition to the ecologicalwater for restoring excessive extraction of groundwater areas is decreasing, the rest ofthe ecological water and total amount all demonstrate a rising trend from2010to2030.It illustrate that a lot of ecological water security is required to improve ecological environment of Harbin City continuously. And then, ecological water protectionmeasures are proposed from the four aspects of water resources planning, watermanagement, sewage treatment, the rational development of new sources. Theschematic of the allocation of water resources is design based on the present situation ofwater resources development and utilization.