| ObjectiveAdolescence is an important period of psychosomatic development for individuals, who may be easily influenced by physiological, psychological and social factors, thus causing psychological health problems. Among these factors, parental rearing pattern and family relationship play an important role. In recent years, researches on correlation between abnormal psychology and parenting style are relatively more while that concerning the impact of family relationships, especially spousal relations on family function, children and adolescents are less. The study adopts epidemiological research methods to carry out a survey of family structure, family adaptability and cohesion as well as psychological health on junior high school students. It explores the related factors that influence junior high school students’ mental health and family function in order to improve the function of family, and provide guidance for prevention from and intervention in adolescent mental health problems.MethodsIn2013September, by adopting cluster sampling, we conducted a questionnaire survey in an area of5middle schools in Shandong province including issuing1016questionnaires, wiping out58invalid and incomplete questionnaires.The study took 958valid participants of junior middle school students,436boy cases and522girl cases as the object. General data questionnaire research is adopted to collect their information on gender, age, family origin, parental occupation and educational status. The chart of family adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACESII-CV) is employed to assess different family types and structure, and the symptom checklist (SCL-90) is used to evaluate the health status of mental health. The study of the investigation is finished by3professional doctors of the health center in Shandong Province,26high school psychological teachers and teachers in5prefecture-level cities. The research group and members participating in the survey are uniformly trained to master the assessment tools, working procedures, method steps, quality control, scale consistency evaluation and attentive problems. The establishment of database and statistic analysis is completed by software SPSS20.0. Statistical methods include chi-square test, t test, variance analysis, multiple stepwise regression and correlation analysis. All statistical tests are two-sided probability test and P value being less than0.05indicates that it is statistically significant.Results1. Actual family types of subjects:540cases of intermediate type (56.37%),154cases of balance type (16.08%),-264cases of extreme type (27.56%).2. Actual family types have statistical differences in aspect of gender, family origin, family relationship distribution (χ2=8.115、7.931、19.650, P<0.05).3.Those who are only children, not separated from parents and enjoy good economic condition show higher grade of family adaptability and cohesion, and the difference is statistically significant (t=3.346&3.608, t=-5.837&-5.191,F=5.706&8.977,P<0.01). Students with good or better family relations have higher cohesion score than those with general or worse family relations. Students with very good, general or worse family relations have higher general adaptability score than those with better family relations. The difference is statistically significant (F=14.165&9.918, P<0.01). Differences of intimacy and adaptability scores of different gender, grade, family resources and family structure have no statistical significance (P>0.05). 4.Girls and those who have poor family relationship, separated from parents, and with general or worse economy condition, score high in actual family cohesion and adaptability dissatisfaction. The dissatisfaction degree on cohesion of only children, grade eight students is high. The dissatisfaction degree on adaptability of large family or core family is higher than that of single parent families. All these above have statistical significance (t=-3.095&-2.032, F=8.964&4.250,t=4.003&2.694, F=7.706&6.059;t=-3.027,-3.282;F=3.533,P<0.05).Differences on the degree of intimacy and adaptability influenced by other factors are not statistically significant(P>0.05).5.Those who are not only children, with better, general or worse family relationships, as well as students separated from parents score higher in each factor of SCL-90evaluation.Those who enjoy good, general, or worse economic conditions score higher in obsessive-compulsive, sensitivity in interpersonal relationship, depression, hostility factor. Girls score high in phobic anxiety while boys score high in psychosis factor. Rural students score high in interpersonal sensitivity factor while students with single parent or large family score higher in phobic anxiety. All these above have statistical significance (eg:number of children somatization score, t=-2.111, P<0.05).6.There are significant negative correlations (t=-0.197--0.367, P<0.01) between each factor in actual family cohesion, adaptability evaluation and mental health symptoms (SCL-90).7.Stepwise method for the multivariate linear regression analysis shows that intimacy score, family relationship, the number of children, separation from parents, adaptability score fit the model. Their high scores in intimacy, adaptability, with no separation from parents are the protective factors of mental health while bad family relationships and more children are risk factors of mental health.Conclusions1.The actual family types of poor function in junior high school students are relatively high. Intermediate type has large space to convert to balance family by the corresponding adjustment through psychological intervention and guidance. 2.Actual family types distribution has certain correlation with gender, family origin, family relations, while it has unconspicuous relation with grade, whether only child or not, family structure, separated from their parents or not and the economic situation.3.Actual family cohesion and adaptability scores have certain correlation with the number of children, family relationships, separated from their parents or not and economic conditions, while there is unconspicuous relation with gender, grade, family resources and family structure.4.The subjective and objective factors of family have different degrees of influence on actual family cohesion and adaptability score and the level of mental health (score of each factor on SCL-90) for junior high school students.5.The better family functions, the lower SCL-90score of each factor, and the higher level of psychological health.6.High score in intimacy and adaptability and no separation from parents are protective factors of mental health. Bad family relationships and more children are risk factors of mental health. |
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