Clinical Analysis Of Idiopathic Generalized Epileptic Syndromes Related With Absence Seizures

Objective: The study was designed to study the clinical andelectroencephalographic characteristics of idiopathic generalizedepileptic syndromes related with absence seizures, providing a referencefor the diagnosis and treatment of these syndromes.Methods: This retrospective study collected Pediatric and Neurologyclinic and hospitalization patients of our hospital from December2008toDecember2012. All the patients’ clinical and electroencephalographiccharacteristics, treatment and prognoses were analyzed. The ages atfollow up ranged from one year to three years and six months.Results:32patients in this group:16were males and16werefemales; The onset age was from2years and6months to18years, mean(9.06±3.86) years old.13patients had typical absence seizures as theonly form of seizures,3patients with myoclonic seizures and typicalabsence seizures,4patients had absence seizures with generalizedtonic-clonic seizures,3cases with absence seizures, myoclonic seizuresand generalized tonic-clonic seizures,8cases with myoclonic seizuresand generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These syndromes include13casesof childhood absence epilepsy,5cases of juvenile absence epilepsy,12cases of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, one case of myoclonic absenceepilepsy, one case of eyelid myoclonic with absence seizures. The groupof neurological examination, brain imaging results are normal. There arefive cases with febrile seizure history, three cases with family history of epilepsy. All patients had no history of other disease. Four casesaccompanied by varying degrees of cognitive impairment.EEG features:32cases had normal background activity; Ictal EEGshowed generalized spike and waves and polyspikes discharges. Theinterictal EEG could show focal discharges. Hyperventilation inducedabsence seizures in20cases, intermittent photic stimulation tests inducedseizures in three cases.The application of anti-epileptic drugs, effective in29cases (90.6%), seizures completely controlled in23cases (71.9%).Conclusion: These epileptic syndromes have absence seizures,myoclonic seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Ictal EEG showedgeneralized spike and waves and polyspikes discharges. Hyperventilationand intermittent photic stimulation tests helped to induce discharges andseizures. VPA, LEV, LTG, TPM and other antiepileptic drugs wereeffective for these syndromes. But LTG, CBZ, OXC may aggravatemyoclonic seizures.