The Research About The Current Status And Influencing Factors Of Self-Management Behavior In Middle-Aged And Over Patients Who With Type2Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives:To describe the condition of self-management behavior in middle age and over patients with type2diabetes, and to clear the influential factors those affect their self-management behaviors.Methods:In the community and hospital of Yanji city402patients with type2diabetes were structured interviewed. Patients were asked to fill a series of questionnaire which includes the demographic questionnaire, the summary of diabetes self-care activities questionnaire, diabetes knowledge test, the self-efficacy for diabetes, the diabetes social support questionnaire, multidimensional health locus of control scales. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the patients’s characteristics, Independent t-test and One-way ANOVA were used to analysis population and disease risk factors difference of self-management behaviors, Spearman correlation analysis were used to compare social psychology factors difference of self-management behaviors, Stepwise regression analysis was used to examine the influencing of self-management behaviors.Results:(1) The average scores of the diet self-management behavior was (3.65±1.35), exercise was (4.33±2.64), glucose monitoring was (2.01±1.45), foot care was (3.53±1.84), medication was (5.54±1.73)(2)1) Individuals with higher diet were more likely to be Chinese, retirement, medium economic income, long-term duration, no complications, older, female;2) Individuals with higher exercise were more likely to be Chinese, having a spouse,retirement, older, insured;3) Individuals with higher glucose monitoring were more likely to be having a spouse, insured, retirement, high education, white-collar, long-term duration,no complications., female;4) Individuals with higher foot care were more likely to be Chinese, medium education, white-collar, insured,middle aged, female;5) Individuals with higher medication were more likely to be retirement, high education, high income, insured, having a spouse, older, female.(3) The results of Spearman were as below:1)The diet self-management behavior was significant positively correlated with the diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy and social support (r=0.182,p=0.000; r=0.466,p=0.000; r=0.178,p=0.000);2) The exercise self-management behavior was significant positively correlated with self-efficacy and social support (r=0.387,p=0.000; r=0.176, p=0.000);3) The glucose monitoring self-management behavior was significant positively correlated with the diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, social support and the dependence on others(r=0.128,p=0.01; r=0.255,p=0.000; r=0.219,p=0.000; r=0.144,p<0.01);4) The foot care self-management behavior was significant positively correlated with the diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy and social support (r=0.138,p<0.01; r=0.387,p=0.000;r=0.176, p=0.000);5) The medication self-management behavior was significant positively correlated with self-efficacy and social support (r=0.439,p=0.000; r=0.242, p=0.000); while negatively correlated with the opportunity(r=-0.127, p<0.05).(4) The results of the Multivariate step linear regression were as below:1)self-efficacy, race, duration, complications or not, expectations of support, practical support and retirement could explain29.8%of the variance;2) the factors of self-management behaviors such as Self-efficacy, having spouse or not, age, diabetes knowledge, gender could explain23.4%of the variance;3) the factors of the glucose monitoring self-management behavior, such as self-efficacy, duration, friend support and having spouse or not could explain14.7%of the variance;4) the factors of foot care self-management, such as the age, the self-efficacy, the practical support, the disease knowledge could explain34.7%of the variance;5) the factors of according to the doctor’s medication self-management behaviors, such as self-efficacy, opportunity, expectations of support and gender could explain22.7%of the variance;Conclusions:(1)The current status of self-management behavior in middle-aged and over patients with type2diabetes is not really well.The average score of health status was (53.47±17.15), which is below the average;(2) gender, age, race, vocation, income, education, insurance, duration, complication, diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, social support, locus of control are the influence factors of diabetes self-management behaviors;(3) Patients’vocation, income, self-efficacy, social support were the main influential factors of self-management behaviors.however, they explained less of the variance in diabetic patients’s self-management behaviors.Therefore, further study is necessary to explore the influential factors of self-management behaviors more deeply in detail.