Quantitative Ultrasound Study Of Calcaneal Bone Mineral Density Of Healthy Adults In Dalian Area

Objective:BMD (Bone Mineral Density) means quantity of the bony mineral substance inunit area, which is an important index to reflect the skeleton metabolism status and todiagnose osteoporosis. There are many methods in bone density study, among which thequantitative ultrasound is widely adopted for its characteristics of accuracy, convenientand economy. This research investigated the calcaneal bone density of healthy adults inDalian area, to profile the relationship between the bone density and age, gender, bodyheight, body weight and BMI and to build the data bank of local region people bonedensity and provide scientific evidences in grasping the current status, diagnosing andpreventing osteoporosis.Methods:6829Dalian area healthy adults were selected who had taken physicalexamination in second affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University from September,2010to April,2012(males2917, aged from19to88, average age51.4±12.85; females3912, aged from19to88, average age51.9±12.82; grouped by5years differences). TheALOKA AOS-100NW bone mineral density ultrasound equipment were adopted tomeasure the sonic speed (SOS) of left calcaneus, the T value and Z value of SOS, OSI,TI were calculated. Based on T value, the osteopenia and osteoporosis were judged andthe incidence rates were obtained. The mean values of all the items were calculated, thesex differences, age differences of osteopenia and osteoporosis incidence rate wereexplored and their relationship among osteopenia and osteoporosis to age, body height,body weight and BMI were analysed.Result:1. The average value and standard error of body height, body weight, BMI, SOS, TI, OSI, T values of SOS and Z values of SOS of male healthy adults were171.9±6.2、77.1±11.5、26.0±3.3、1557.5±27.6、1.233±0.117、2.999±0.369、-0.66±0.99and-0.18±1.50respectively; those of females were159.8±5.9、62.5±9.5、24.5±3.58、1544.6±24.2、1.129±0.110、2.699±0.323、-1.07±0.95and-0.36±1.14respectively.2. Both males and females showed decreased tendency of SOS, TI and OSIvalues along with the age, however the male of25-35years significant down regulatedand afterwards slightly decreased and the females’ values quickly descending after ageof51.3. Gender differences in most of age groups could be observed in the values ofbody height, body weight, BMI, SOS, TI, OSI, T values of SOS and Z values of SOS ofhealthy adults in Dalian area.4. The constituent ratio of normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosisOsteoporosis of male Dalian healthy adults were59.8%、38.8%and1.4%, those offemales were45.2%、50.0%and4.8%, respectively. The incidence rate of osteopenia andosteoporosis gradually increased along with age: males after61-years group and femalesafter51-years group were raised significantly. Significant age-group differences couldbe seen in the constituent ratio of normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis.Osteoporosis of male and female Dalian healthy adults could be seen in26-30yearsgroup and after56-years group.5. The mean value of SOS of male and female were lower than the other area,meanwhile the incidence rate of osteoporosis were also lower.6. Age negatively correlated with body height, body weight, BMI, SOS, TI, OSIand T values of SOS, however the body height, body weight and BMI positivelycorrelated with SOS, TI, OSI and T values of SOS.Conclusion:1. The data of calcaneal BMD of Dalian healthy adults gained through quantitativeultrasound technique play active roles in diagnosis and prevention the osteoporosis.2. There were significant gender differences in SOS, TI, OSI and Z values of SOS,which decreased with the age growing; Area differences existed in SOS.3. Significant gender, age and area differences could be found in the incidence rateof osteopenia and osteoporosis 4. The relationships could be seen among age, body height, body weight, BMI,SOS, TI, OSI and T values of SOS.