Establishment And Comparison Of Subcutaneous Transplantation Model And Orthotopic Transplantation Model Of Gallbladder Carcinoma

Objective: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of two gallbladder carcinoma animalmodels by establishing subcutaneous transplantation model and orthotopic transplantation modelof gallbladder carcinoma in nude mice. The future research of gallbladder carcinoma animalmodels will also be discussed. Methods: Subcutaneous transplantation model and orthotopictransplantation model of gallbladder carcinoma in nude mice were established. By comparing therate of tumors formation, lymph nodes metastasis, ascites generation, viscera metastasis,pathological HE staining and microlympatic vessel density (MLVD) determination, statisticsanalysis were applied (using chi-square test for enumeration data, employing t test for meanscomparison of two groups, applying one-way analysis of variance for means comparison ofmulti-groups, the significance level α=0.05, P<0.05means statistically significant). The strengthsand weaknesses of these two animal models were evaluated, in order to provide information forthe further improvement of model in the future. Results: Subcutaneous transplantation modeland orthotopic transplantation model of gallbladder carcinoma has the difference (P<0.05) in thefollowing aspects, for example, tumor formation rate, lymph nodes metastasis, ascites generationand viscera metastasis. The spontaneous transfer rate of orthotopic transplantation model ofgallbladder carcinoma is higher than that of subcutaneous transplantation model of gallbladdercarcinoma. The histologic properties of pathological sections with HE staining of these twomodels has no significantly difference. However, by applying the microlympatic vessel density(MLVD) determination, it can be seen that the lympatic vessel density of orthotopictransplantation tumor model (12.13±1.92) is significantly higher than that of subcutaneoustransplantation tumor model (0.27±0.59), which provide the basis for orthotopic transplantationmodel of gallbladder carcinoma to have higher capabilities of lymphatic metastasis andinvasiveness. However, subcutaneous transplantation model has the advantages in the survivalrate of nude mice after inoculation and observation difficulty of tumor. Conclusions: Orthotopictransplantation tumor model of gallbladder carcinoma in nude mice has higher spontaneoustransfer rate and more similarity in biological characteristics with human gallbladder carcinoma.It will be the main clinical research direction of the animal model of gallbladder carcinoma in thefuture. However, the preparation process of orthotopic model is more complicated. And it hasserious surgical trauma. Therefore it requires higher operating proficiency for the operator. In thispaper, the tumor formation rate of orthotopic transplantation group is less than that ofsubcutaneous transplantation group, while the death rate of nude mice is higher than that ofsubcutaneous transplantation group. The operation of subcutaneous transplantation tumor issimple. And it has higher tumor formation rate. It is easy to observe the tumor tissues whichgrowing subcutaneously. But the orthotopic transplantation tumor grows deep in the abdomen,which makes it difficult to observe the growth state and transplantation process. Therefore,suitable animal models should be chosen based on the observation index and objectives.