Effect Of Different Soil Moisture And Fertilizer On Panaxnotoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen

Taking Panaxnotoginseng as test materials, the effect of different soil moisture on growt-h dynamic, water-consumption characteristics, physiological characteristics, disease incidenc-e and the content of active components in three-year P. notoginseng were studied by pot cul-tivation experiment. And the effect of different levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and B on the dr-y weight and saponin content of one hundred three-year old P. notoginseng were studied byfield experiment. We expect to provide scientific basis for water and fertilizer administrationin practical planting. The main results are as follows:The growth of three-year old P. notoginseng stopped in late July,and the period of grow-th peak was from seedling emergence to early June.The three-year old P. notoginseng beganbolting in the middle and late of June,and the flower-buds bloomed in the middle and late ofAugust.The ripe flower-buds were picked at the production base in the middle of August,thenthe P. notoginseng entered the root expanding period.The P. notoginseng was harvested betw-een late October and late November.The content of four main saponins in the root of P. not-oginseng had no obvious regular variety with time and no significant difference between ea-ch stage.During the experiment, the water-consumption characteristics of P. notoginseng signi-ficantly affected by soil moisture content. Under0.85FC,0.70FC,0.60FC and0.45FCtreatments, the water-consumption were2.89,3.68,3.37and2.73kg per plant respectively.The water-consumption of P. notoginseng decreased when soil moisture content was too highor too low. In the middle of the experiment, the water-consumption was higher than that ofearly and late period of experiment. The water-consumption had obvious relationship withweather in daytimes. The curves showed that the “double peak” appeared at10:00and14:00respectively in sunshine days with a low water-consumption in noontime, while “one peak” at12:00in rainy day without noon break. Under0.85FC,0.70FC,0.60FC and0.45FC treatme-nts, the WUE were2.51,3.32,4.59and3.39g DW·kgH₂O^-1respectively. Too high or toolower soil moisture content decreased the WUE of P. notoginseng.The soil moisture content significantly affect the growth, moisture content, Chlorophyllcontent, antioxidant enzyme activities, osmoregulation substance content and the dry matteraccumulation of P. notoginseng leaves. With the increase of soil moisture content, the plant height firstly increased and then decreased, the stem diameter showed a rising trend, theindicators of leaves firstly increased and then decreased or decreased at first and thenincreased. The results indicated that too high or too low soil moisture content go against to thegrowth of P. notoginseng and the dry matter accumulation; The leaves of P. notoginseng canadapt to the change of soil moisture content through changing the enzyme activity and contentof osmoregulation substance.The growth, active ingredient content and root rot incidence of P. notoginseng root wereaffected by soil moisture content significantly. With the increase of soil moisture content, theroot dry weight increased at first and then decreased, the contents of notoginsenoside R1andginsenoside Rg1remained stable while the contents of ginsenoside Rb1and ginsenoside Rdshowed a downward trend. Furthermore, the root rot incidence rose rapidly with the increaseof soil moisture content. Thought comprehensive analysis, the best soil moisture for yield andthe content of four saponins is0.590FC and0.564FC respectively.By "3414" experiment scheme, the fertilizing amount and the condition of abundance ordeficiency of NPK in the experimental zone were evaluated with the index of one hundredroot dry weight. The results show that: applied P fertilizer and K fertilizer had positive effecton increasing one hundred root dry weights, and applied N fertilizer had negative effect on it.The theoretical values of optimal fertilizing amount were as fellows: N0kg per mu（667m2）,P₂O₅17.01kg per mu and K2O56.87kg per mu. The N，P and K nutrition status of experim-ental zone were as fellows: N was in a state of utmost abundance, applying N would decreasethe production while P and K were in an abundance state, applying P and K would further imp-rove the production.By orthogonal experiment scheme （four factors, four levels）, the fertilizer effect and thecondition of abundance or deficiency of Ca, Mg, Zn, and B in the experimental zone were eva-luated with the indexes of one hundred root dry weight and saponin content. The results sho-wed that: applied Ca fertilizer had positive effect on increasing one hundred root dry weights,and applied Mg fertilizer had positive effect on increasing saponin content. Applied Mg fer-tilizer and Ca fertilizer were in favor of improving the yield and quality of P. notoginseng inthe experimental zone, but applied B fertilizer and Zn fertilizer had little effects on it. The Ca，Mg, Zn and B nutrition status of experimental zone were as follows: Zn and Ca were in a stateof utmost abundance while Mg and B were in states of abundance.