The Research On The Vertical Distribution Of Yili Typical Grassland Chestnut And Desert Grey Soil Humus Constituent

Humus is very complex high molecular organic compounds with molecular structure of activefunctional groups. It is a multiphase and multiple dispersion substance. It is the main absorbing center ofthe soil organic matter which has been usually attention of scientists. In this study, the modified methods of�'.�'.Пономарёвa and А.Плотниковa were used to measure the soil humus complexes. Different states oforganic carbon in complexes were measured by Qiu Lin method. In detail, the free weak bounded humuswas extracted with0.1mol/L NaOH, the stable bounded humus was extracted by0.1mol/L NaOH liquidafter decalcification. The tightly combined humus after decalcification was extracted by0.02mol/L ofNaOH solution. In Result, Yili steppe chestnut soil and desert grey soil humus was divided into eightgroups, humic acid was divided into three groups, fulvic acid was divided into four groups and huminetc. The main purpose of exploration of these factors is to contribute a role of components in soil nutrientand protection of the soil ecological environment. The followings are the detailed results of thestudies stated above:（1） The variation regularity of total organic carbon, humic acid types and the mineral complex indifferent altitude of typical grassland chestnut soil and desert grey soil along the altitude increase.Regardless of which altitude Clay minerals in the soil humus complex components is humus acid by Clayminerals, fulvic acid Clay minerals content lower than humus acid by Clay minerals. The may be arisingfrom the different solubility of humic acid. In accordance with the profile,the humic acid organic carbonof chestnut soil and desert grey soil decrease with increasing soil depth. Humic acid in chestnut soil types isat high altitude and profile upper brown humic acids in based, HA/HF>1, while at altitude is low and thesection down fulvic acid in based, HA/HF<1. In grey desert soil humic acid type is dominated by fulvicacid in based,HA/HF<1.（2） HA-Zn²⁺and HA-Fe²⁺complexes and coordination number of chestnut soil and desert grey soilincrease with the pH.（3） The optical density of loose combined humic acid, stable combined humic acid and tightcombined humic acid of chestnut soil decrease with the deepening of the soil depth, the ratio are3.61⁴.21、1.67³.53、1.00⁴.32, respectively. The optical density of loose combined humic acid, and tightcombined humic acid of desert grey soil increases with the deepening of the soil depth, the ratio are0.29⁰.58、3.02³.46, respectively stable combined humic acid decrease with the deepening of the soildepth, the ratio are5.38¹.40.（4） The Infrared Spectroscopy test of typical steppe chestnut soil and desert grey soil showed that theIR spectra of the main absorption bands of humic acids are3400,2925,1720,1620,1450,1400,1230cm^-1. Thehumic acids have2000-3700cm^-1absorption peak in0²0,20⁴0and40⁶0cm layers, accounted for30-45%of total peak number. This indicates that there are free hydroxy,hydrated hydroxy, hydrogenbonding hydroxyl,the Gima Figure the eyebrow Lang acid, aromatic C=C and aliphatic alkanes, CH, CH₂,CH₃, flexible and-O-CH₃（2930-2950）.（5） The liquid HA and FA, solid humic substances （including HA） and in situ soil were studied byNMR spectroscopy. The NMR results showed that:In the0²0,20⁴0and40⁶0cm layer of chestnut and desert grey soil,the sublevel chemical shifts (g·kg^-1) is mainly concentrated on about0.3-3.0,mainly in thefat group chain proton is directly related to the C=O main complex ether, COOR base.between3.3to5.0:the proton on the carbon connected with oxygen （HCO,methoxy, amine, trace water） and aromaticfunctional groups.