Study On The Change Of Water Conservation Capacity And Grassland Ecological Compensation In Sanjiangyuan National Park Based On InVEST Model

Natural ecology is the basis of human survival and life,and provides service products for human beings.Behind the growth is sustained resource demand brought about by economic development,people are unable to constrain the demand for nature,causing damage to the ecosystem and ignoring the ecological benefits provided by the ecosystem.Based on the GIS geographic information system platform,the InVEST model expresses the quantified ecosystem service functions in the form of maps and has been proven to have good results at home and abroad.In order to maximize the protection of the integrity and authenticity of natural ecosystems,build a unified system of natural protection sites,and establish a large-scale natural ecosystem that represents the national image and more typical.In March 2016,the“Sanjiangyuan National Park System Pilot Program”opened the prelude to the practice of national parks in China.Sanjiangyuan National Park is located in the Sanjiangyuan area.As a source of national freshwater,its water conservation ecosystem value plays an important role.Based on the InVEST Water Yield model,this paper takes Sanjiangyuan National Park as an example to quantitatively evaluate the service value of the water conservation ecosystem in 2005and 2015,provides scientific basis and decision support for the rational construction planning of national parks,establish ecological compensation mechanism for pastoralists,and propose grassland ecological compensation and ecological compensation proposals for national park.Main conclusions are as follows:(1)The overall water conservation of Sanjiangyuan National Park is good.The average water conservation in 2005 and 2015 is 335.91mm and 367.52mm,respectively.The total water conservation is 0.413×10~8 mm and 0.452×10~8 mm,the respectively growth rate is 8.6%in ten years.The minimum water conservation value increased from 130.91mm in 2005 to 187.94mm in 2015,an increase of 57.03mm(30.34%).The overall water source conservation rate has increased steadily,especially the lowest value increase,indicating that the ecological compensation policy including the grassland ecological award and the various ecological protection measures are playing a better role.(2)The water conservation of the Yellow River source area of Sanjiangyuan National Park has decreased significantly,which is related to climate change,disturbance,and grassland degradation.It is recommended that the Park Administration conduct in-depth research on Maduo County in the Yellow River source area,and increase the ecological compensation for Maduo County and urge herders to reduce grazing.With the help of national park policy opportunities,consider the establishment of national park ecological compensation projects,improve ecological compensation projects,and increase the transfer of local key ecological functional areas.(3)The land cover of Sanjiangyuan National Park changed little from 2005 to2015,and the grassland ecological compensation was the important ecological protection measure of the national park.Grassland resources are the basic vegetation that conserves the source of the Three Rivers.It has nurtured thousands of large rivers in China.It is the most important ecological zone for the most ecologically fragile water source in China,maintaining the ecological security of the entire national water cycle.Ecological compensation is an administrative measure from top to bottom.As a purely government act,it needs to continue to maintain and increase compensation,and cooperate with the innovation and development of the national park system.(4)Regulatory balance and incentive compatibility are the two basic principles of the Sanjiangyuan National Park Ecological Compensation System.The National Park should pursue the balance between park construction and the surrounding communities,establish a community co-management mechanism to jointly protect the natural resources of national parks;the herdsmen participation mechanism is the key to the sustainable development of national parks,and increase the ecological management of national parks.The position of guards guides the herdsmen to participate in the construction and protection of the park,and establishes a sense of ownership to increase national pride.Collective land can be managed by agreement,and appropriate consideration should be given to ecological immigration or concentrated living of herders.