Huangqi Herbs Quality Differences And Influencing Factors Of Research

As a kind of frequently-used tonic class, Astragali Radix has number of sources, and many influencing factors. Identifying the quality difference between the same botanical origin plant which grows under different growth pattern, wild and cultivated and which comes from different producing area is a primary research work in using Astragali Radix reasonably. Identifying the effect of environment and seedling grade on yield and quality, and clearing the dynamic change rule of biomass and the content of bioactive constituents have significant meaning of controling over the quality of Astragali Radix. Based on this, this paper collected A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., A. monadelphus Bunge., A. floridus Benth., A. tongolensis Ulbr., A. complanatus R. Br., Hedysarum polybotrys Hand. Mazz. as materials, compared the quality differences of different astragali, and compared the differences between wild or cultivated A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao’s and A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., analysed the quality of different commercial grades of Hunyuan Astragali Radix, used A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao as typical example, analyzed the key factors which effected the quality of Astragali, such as origin environment, seedling grade and dicussed dynamic changes of quality. The main research results are as follows:1. The contents of bioactive constituents have different characteristic in different original plant of astragaliBy means of analyzing different original plant of astragali, the contents of astragaloside IV and astragali total saponins are more in Astragali Radix,and the contentsof it’s calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside is much than ononin, and calycosin is much than formononetin. The contents of ononin, formononetin, and astragali total flavonoids are much in Hydysari Radix than the other original plant of astragali. But it does not have astragaloside IV, and the content of astragali total saponins is low. While, the content of ononin is much than calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside,and formononetin is much than calycosin in Hydysari Radix. The contents of astragaloside IV and astragali total saponins are much in A. monadelphus Bunge, which has lower contents of other bioactive constituents. The contents of saponins and flavonoids are both low in A. floridus Benth. and A. tongolensis Ulbr.2. The contents of bioactive constituents have different characteristic in wild and cultivated Astragali RadixBy means of analyzing wild and cultivated Astragali Radix, the content of astragali total saponins, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside, calycosin, ononin are much in wild A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao than it’s cultivated. The content of astragaloside IV is much in cultivated A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao than ti’s wild. The content of formononetin and astragali total flavonoids are not significant difference during wild and cultivated A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao. The content of astragaloside IV, saponins, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside, and calycosin are much in wild A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. than it’s cultivated. The content of ononin, formononetin and astragali total flavonoids are not significant difference during wild and cultivated A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. 3. The content of bioactive constituents have different characteristic in Astragali Radix of different habitatsBy means of analyzing wild and cultivated A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. Mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao and A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. in different areas, the content of astragali total saponins and flavonoid constituent in A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. Mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao is higher, and the content of astragaloside IV is higher in A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. The highest content of astragaloside IV is cultivated A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.(0.72mg·g-1), especially in Benxi Liaoning province, Baishan Jilin province, Mudanjiang Heilongjiang province, and Duolun Inner Mongolia. The highest content of astragali total saponins, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside, calycosin, ononin, astragali total flavonoids all are wild A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. Mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao (26.51mg·g-1,0.72mg·g-1,0.31mg·g-1,0.30mg·g-1,6.40mg·g-1, respectively), especially in Northern Shanxi province, Northern Shaanxi Province, and Guyang Inner Mongolia. The highest content of formononetin is cultivated A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. Mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao (0.08mg-g"1), especially in Chifeng Inner Mongolia. The isoflavonoids have significant positive correlation (P<0.05) of Astragali Radix in different areas. And longitude, latitude and bioactive constituents contents have a certain impact, while altitude has small effect.4. The contents of bioactive constituents have different characteristic in different commercial Astragali RadixThe correlation analysis showed that, the commercial specification has a negative correlation with the content of astragaloside(P≥0.05). The content of astragaloside IV from high to low order is Astragali fibril> Deputy white astragali> Fifth grade> Astragali section> Third grade> Special grade> First grade> Second grade> Astragali head> Fourth grade. The content of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside from high to low order is First grade> Astragali section> Fourth grade> Fifth grade> Third grade> Special grade> Astragali fibril> Second grade> Astragali head> Deputy white astragali. The other content of bioactive constituents all have different characteristic in different commercial Astragali Radix.5. Environmental factors have significant influence on phenotypic traits and bioactive constituents contents of A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao.As for the phenotypic traits of A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, the sunshine duration has effect on ground diameter and the length of root, the annual rainfall has effect on the width of plant, the latitude has effect on the plant height. As for the bioactive constituents contents of A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, the longitude has effect on the contents of astragaloside IV, the longitude and latitude both have effect on the contents of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside, sunshine duration, relative humidity, and the longitude all have effect on the contents of calycosin, annual average temperature, relative humidity and longitude has effect on the contents of ononin, relative humidity has effect on the contents of formononetin, relative humidity and the latitude both have effect on the contents of astragali total flavonoids.6. Seedling grade has significant influence on yield and bioactive constituents contents of A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao. There was no significant influence between the seedling grade and overground part phenotypic traits (P>0.05),but but has significant influence onunderground part phenotypic traits and bioactive constituents content. The yield of Astragali Radix have a trend of increase with the increase of level of seedling grade.7. The biomass and the bioactive constituents contents of A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao have certain dynamic variation rulesThe above-ground biomass of A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao reach a maximum at the middlet ten-day period of July, and the underground biomass reach a maximum at the harvest time of the first ten-day period of October, and root-shoot ratio reaches the minimum at the middle ten days of July. The content of astragaloside IV reach a maxium at the last ten-day of August, and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside, ononin, astragali total flavonoids reach a maximum at the middlet ten-day period of June. The content of calycosin reach a maxium at the last ten-day of April.The content of formononetin reaches a maximum at the last ten-day of May. The above-ground biomass, the underground biomass and the contents of bioactive components of A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao has different dynamic variation rules.In this paper, there are two characteristics and innovations:This paper makes it clear of the status of quality by analyzing the quality of different sources Astragali Radix. This paper made it clear that relative humidity, longitude, latitude both have effect on bioactive constituents based on cultivation of contrast experiment. Seedling grade has major effect on the yield and the content of bioactive constituents based on the experiment. The contents of bioactive components of A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao has different dynamic variation rules.