| Background: As a special commodity,Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)have both pharmaceutical and commercial attributes.As a commodity,CHM can be traded in the market,and the quality grades and appearance traits are divided into specifications.It is known as “seeing the goods and rating the bargaining”.After the founding of New China,three specifications were issued.However,the current standard contains 76 kinds of medicines,which is difficult to meet market demand.Astragali Radix(AR),also known as Huangqi,is the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.and Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.Mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao.As a commonly used bulk medicine,AR is considered to be a famous qi medicine.The commodity specification grade standard based on the traits of Chinese medicinal materials has a reasonable guiding effect on the market,but it also has certain limitations.The correlation between the classification and the quality of CHM is not too strong.The quality of the products is only based on the eligibility criteria of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,and it cannot fully play the role of good quality.As a mainstream commodity,Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.Mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao occupies most of the AR market.Due to the long growth period of wild-simulated Astragali Radix(WAR),the supply is in short supply.After 1984("76 kinds of medicinal product specifications").There is a transplanted Astragali Radix(TAR)with a growth period shortened to 2~3 years,which alleviates the market demand,but there is no corresponding commodity specification standard.However,the difference of the two kinds of AR are very obvious due to origin,planting methods,growth years,but the original "Huangqi commodity specification grade standard" has no corresponding specifications,and can not play an important role in the commodity specification and grade standard of AR.Therefore,there was important practical significance to formulate and promulgate new commodity specification grade standards of CHM for the healthy and sustainable development of the Chinese medicine industry.Objective: To find the reason for the difference in the grade of the AR and establish the grade standard of the medicinal herbs and pieces of AR.To explore the chemical composition and anti-fatigue effect of different specifications of Astragalus membranaceus,and provide scientific basis for the standard of AR specifications.To explore the mechanism of anti-fatigue effect of AR based on network pharmacology.Method: Through the production area and market research,the medicinal materials and pieces of AR were collected,and the specification grades of medicinal materials and pieces of AR were revised through trait description and statistical analysis;The primary components of different grades of AR were identified by 1H-NMR,and the secondary components were compared by HPLC-UV.The model of "combined exhaustive swimming with restricted diet" was used to explore the anti-fatigue effect of different specifications of Astragalus membranaceus in pathological conditions,and the differences in serum and muscle of rats with different jaundice interventions were analyzed by 1H-NMR metabolomics technique.Metabolite changes;To study the anti-fatigue mechanism of AR based on network pharmacology.Results:(1)In this study,24 batches of AR were collected from different places of origin.According to the appearance and shape description,the differences caused by different planting methods in the traits of AR were compared,and the AR was divided into two specifications: wild-simulated AR and transplanted AR.By measuring the length,the diameter of 3.5 cm under head chopping,the diameter of terminatio of two kinds of AR,and statistical analysis,the length of Ar was limited to distinguish the specifications,according to the diameter of 3.5 cm under head chopping to divide grades: grade top,gradeⅠ,gradeⅡ,gradeⅢ,gradeⅣ.transplanted AR was divide as the Selection and delivery..The actual growth years of different grades of WAR were observed and statistically analyzed.It was found that grade-top AR was mainly distributed over 6 years,gradeⅠAR distribution in 4-5 years,gradeⅡ distribution in 3-4 years,gradeⅢ and gradeⅣ distribution in 1~ 3 years.It indicates that the growth period is closely related to the grade of AR.(2)By observing the characteristics of AR,measuring the relevant diameter and performing statistical analysis,it was found that in the apparent traits of the longitudinal section,the formation layer was obvious and elliptical,and the formation layer in the tablet was destroyed;the texture of the cultivated enamel disk was dense(short growthperiod)The chrysanthemum heart is yellowish,the chrysanthemum pattern is not obvious,and the cracks are less formed,while the wild scorpion round flakes(long growth period),chrysanthemum heart yellow,chrysanthemum pattern and cracks are obvious.Therefore,the description of the characteristics of the appearance traits in the vertical section,the horizontal section and the oblique section specification grade standard reflects the characteristics of Shanxi high-quality scutellaria.(3)The results of chemical composition measurement showed that 21 kinds of primary metabolic components were identified,and there were 8 different components in the WAR and TAR.Among them,7 components of WAR were higher than TAR.The comparison of 21 primary metabolic components showed that there were three higher components in the grade top,and both grade II and grade IV of AR have higher levels of 7ingredients.The content of total flavonoids in WAR was higher than that in TAR.Compared with different grades of AR,the total flavonoids content of grade II AR was the highest,followed by the top grade AR,and the content of grade IV was the lowest.There was no significant difference in the flavonoid content between TAR in Shanxi and in Gansu.(4)The anti-fatigue effect of AR showed that the anti-fatigue effect of WAR group was better than that of TAR group.Compared with different grades of WAR,group II had the best anti-fatigue effect,followed by Top group.The IV group had the lowest,and there was no significant difference in the anti-fatigue effect between the Top group and the IV group.There was no significant difference in the anti-fatigue effect between the TAR in Shanxi and in Gansu.(5)The results of network pharmacology showed that the 11 active constituents of AR(6 flavonoids,4 saponins,sucrose)mainly involved in anti-fatigue pathways: cancer pathway,Fox O,Nrf2,HIF-1,MAPK,PI3 K /Akt,VEGF,Ca2+,AMPK/P53 and insulin signaling pathways,oxidative stress response,DNA repair,cell proliferation,ROS detoxification and other reactions.Conclusion: This paper provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of the grade standard of AR by combining the trait characteristics,chemical composition and anti-fatigue effect of AR,and explain the scientific connotation of "discriminating theory" to promote the high quality and good price of Chinese herbal medicine market.And laid the foundation for further exploration of its mechanism of action through the network pharmacology. |
PDF Full Text Request