The Expression And Clinical Significance Of PTEN, Ki-67and CyclinD1in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract:Background and objective:Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) is a common malignant tumor which is growth in epidermis or mucosal epitheliumths with differential pavement-epithelium varying degrees. It ranks second in the dermatoma. Researches have been proved:The tumor formation and development originat as a result of the interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors; apoptosis of cancer cell, activation of cancer gene, inactivation of anti-oncogene play an increasingly important role in formation and development of the SCC; one of the most essences of occurrence for malignant tumors is abnormal regulation of gene expression for cells division and proliferation. In recent years, the action of cancer gene and anti-oncogene has become hotpost in research of tumor occurrence. The research aim was using EnVision method to observe and analyse the expression, correlation of PTEN, Ki-67and CyclinDl in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; explore the function, clinical significance of PTEN, Ki-67and CyclinDl in the occurrence and development of SCC; provide theoretical basis of the etiology and pathogenesis for SCC. Method:We used immunohistochemistry technique to test expression of PTEN, Ki-67and CyclinDl in30cases of SCC and15cases of normal skin tissues. All of the cases were stained with PTEN, Ki-67and CyclinDl by immunohistochemistry EnVision technique. OLYMPUS light microscope (BH-2) was used to observe the stain condition of PTEN, Ki-67and CyclinDl with amplifying200double, and each example was observed four visual field. We judged positive cell rate according to following standard:Based on staining degree and percent, no expression (-):without or less staining cell, positive cell rate<5%; low expression (+):light yellow or positive cell rate:5%～29%; moderate expression(++):yellow or positive cell rate:30%～59%; high expression(+++): brown or positive cell rate:^60%. Positive cell of PTEN, Ki-67appeared in nucleolus, positive cell of CyclinDl appeared in cytolymph and nucleolus.The chi-square was used for the significanse of positive rate, analysed correlation by Spearman with SPSS16.0. Results:(i) The positive rate of PTEN in SCC was96.7%, It had not statistical significance to compare with normal skin,(χ2=0.511, P>0.05). But most of the expression was low and moderate, the positive expression rate of PTEN in SCC was43.33%. On the contrary, the rate of PTEN lived on high expression in normal skin, the positive expression rate was86.67%, the differences between the two groups had statistical significance(x"=7.95, P<0.05). At the groups of the classification in SCC, choosed the high expression to count, the results were Ⅰ66.67%, Ⅱ35.71%,Ⅲ0%respectively. With the higher the grade, the lower the expression, but the differences among the three groups had not statistical significance(χ2=8.565, P>0.05);(2) The positive rate of ki-67in SCC was83.33%,13.33%in normal skin tissue, the differences between the two groups had statistical significance(χ2=20.607, P<0.01). At the groups of the classification in SCC, the results of ki-67were I66.67%, II92.86%,Ⅲ100%respectively, the differences among the three groups had statistical significance(χ2=15.476, P<0.01);(3) The positive rate of CyclinDl in SCC was70%,13.33%in normal skin tissue, the differences between the two groups had statistical significance(χ2=13.453, P<0.01). At the groups of the classification in SCC, the results of CyclinDl were Ⅰ41.67%, Ⅱ85.71%,Ⅲ100%respectively, the differences among the three groups had statistical significance(χ2=11.517, P<0.05);(4) The expression of PTEN was inversely correlated with the expression of ki-67in SCC(r=-0.411, P<0.05).The expression of PTEN was inversely correlated with the expression of CyclinD1in SCC (r=-0.386, P<0.05), The expression of ki-67positively correlated with the expression of CyclinD1in SCC(r=0.623, P<0.01). Conclusion:1. The positive rate was no significant difference for PTEN expression in SCC with norrnal skin tissue, for the case, maybe it was in connection with low malignant degree, development slowly and favourable prognosis compared with other malignant tumour, whereas the strong positive rate was lower in SCC than in normal skin tissue, it was indicated that the protein gene existed certain relativity in the occurrence development repressing dermatoma, but the relationship with differentiation grade of SCC was still not explicit, maybe PTEN did not participate in dividing of SCC.2. The positive rate of ki-67was up-regulated in SCC, in the normal skin it was not expression or low expression, it showed that Ki-67was related to the proliferation and differentiation of SCC. It could be one of the standard to judge the grade of malignancy and differentiation of SCC.3. The expression of CyclinD1was significantly increased compared with the normal skin, it was positive correlation with the grade malignancy of SCC. its abnormity expresses probably had something to do with the cause and pathogensis of SCC. probably it would be as one of the index signs to evaluate the differentiation and prognosis of SCC.4. The expression of PTEN was inversely correlated with the expression of ki-67in SCC. Probably, between of them, It had certain correlation in SCC proliferation versus. Examination PTEN and Ki-67in the same time, for the judgement of malignant degree and prognosis in SCC, maybe it had important instruction meaning and clinical value.5. The expression of PTEN was inversely correlated with the expression of CyclinD1in SCC. Maybe they had important effect in SCC cell cycle modulation. Bycombined detection the both at the same time, probably it was as an assistance index sign of judgment malignant degree and prognosis of SCC.6. The expression of Ki-67and CyclinD1in SCC was positive correlation, it was indicated that they had some connection to regulate cell cycle and differentiation, the accuracy of diagnosing SCC may be raised by examining Ki-67and CyclinD1expression in SCC and combining the characteristic of pathologic appearance.