The Equality Movement Of Eductional Opportunity In America: Theorytical Discussions And Practical Strategies

In the 1960s and 1970s in the United States, the equal opportunity in education reform movement represents the development of American education. Either in theory or in practice occupies an important position in the development of education reform in the world.Movement of Equal opportunities in education is a starting point of this paper. In this paper, we mainly talk about the equalization of educational opportunity on the theory and practice so that it can offer an inspiration and reference for our country. This article is divided into five parts:The first part describes the significance and the methods of this research, and summarizes the existing domestic and foreign research about "equality of educational opportunity".The second part describes backgrounds and stages of the movement on equality of educational opportunities in America. It mainly clarifies the theoretical and practical backgrounds of the movement, and its rise and climax of two phases about the movement.The third part mainly clarifies the main theories of equal opportunities in education proposed by representatives of this movement. First, Coleman built his theory about equality of results in education; Jencks established his theory on the basis of forms of inequality of education; Rawls built his theory on the basis of "three principles of fairness".The fourth part clarifies strategies taken by America compensating for the situation of unequal opportunity in education, such as shuttle bus, compensatory education, school vouchers, the school specific practice standardization.The fifth part describes the inspirations and references deriving from the movement on equality of educational opportunity in America. These inspirations include three aspects, such as the opportunity of admission, the school standard, the school layout and adjustment, which offer possibilities of realization equal opportunities in education of our country.