Study Of E-Tracking Technology For Evaluating Common Carotid Artery Elasticity Function In Active Smokers

Objective:To explore the value of E-tracking (ET) technique in evaluating common carotid artery elasticity function in active smokers.Methods : From March 2010 to March 2011, 132 active smokers (age:40~50y,avg:45.818±2.092y) and 49 nonsmoking volunteers (age:40~51y,avg:45.898±2.543), medical examination within normal limits, were selected at the Healthy check-up center of Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University. 49 nonsmokers as control group( group A),132 active smokers were divided into 3 groups by Cigarette-Smoking Index (CSI= the number of cigarette-smoked each day×the year of cigarette smoking), Low dose smoking: groupB (CSI: 1~400,) middle dose smoking: groupC (CSI:401~800), Hyper dose smoking: groupD (CSI:801~1200,). All of them checked by 2-dimensional ultrasonography received normal limits, and without IMT thinker than 1mm, atheromatous plaque and stenosis situations. Clinical data are collected using unified questionnaires, which was filled in face to face. SSD-α10 color Doppler ultrasonograghy apparatus, built-in e-DMS software, was applied in operation, equiped with UST-5411 transducer (8~13MHz), all the equipment above were produced by Aloka Company. Quantitative analysis was made on hemodynamic of carotid artery by ET to evaluate the blood vessel elastic modulus, including stiffness parameters (β), pressure-strain elastic modulus (Eρ), arterial compliance (AC), pulse wave conducting velocity (PWVβ), internal systolic diameter (Ds), internal diastolic diameter (Dd) and the IMT of carotid artery. All data base was established by Microsoft Excel 2003, all statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS16.0 statistical software. Measurement data was represented by Mean ±Standard Deviation (?x±s), independent sample t test was used to analysis the data of ET parameters between left CCA and right one in all groups. One-way (Single factor) ANOVA was used to analysis the data in multiple comparisons, Limited Slip Differental (LSD) to do the test in condition of different situations between indexes.Results:(1) There was no statistical difference in parameters(age,HR,SBP,DBP,PD) in multiple group comparisons.(2) There was no statistical difference in parameters between left carotid artery and right one in all groups.(3) There was no statistical significance in Ds, Dd, and IMT of carotid artery and AI among four groups multiple comparison (P>0.05).(4) The value ofβ,Eρand PWVβwere becoming bigger and bigger by the order from group A to D in all groups, there was statistical significance in multiple comparison of all groups (P<0.01), except comparison between group B to A(P>0.05).(5) The value tendency of AC was quite opposite toβ,Eρand PWVβ. The value of AC was becoming smaller and smaller by the order from group A to D in all groups, and there was statistical significance in multiple comparison of all 4 groups(B:D,C:D P<0.01,B:C P<0.05), except comparison between group B to A(P>0.05).Conclusion(1) IMT of Carotid in all smoker was in normal range in this clinical study, so this study in the circle of early stage of AS.(2) The arterial elasticity of common carotid in smoker reduced evidently. The level ofβ, Ep, PWVβin smokers were higher than normal group, but AC was just on the contrary. (3) Contrasting to routine ultrasonography examination, ET can provide more quantified data earlier than conventional one in detecting arteriosclerosis of early stage in active smokers.