Gall Extract In Vitro Antioxidant Effects

The oxygen molecule might produce excessive oxygen free radicals and oxidative stress by some exogenous factors and endogenous metabolic processes in human body.Intervention of reactive oxygen species(ROS)leading to pathologic changes was a consequence of their interaction with various biological compounds inside and outside cells,In order to effectively prevent free radical damage to the body and to maintain normal life activities,numerous natural and synthetic ROS scavengers and antioxidants have been developed and studied.In recent years,synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyltoluene(BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA) have been suspected in security,so nature antioxidant was getting people's favor because of its extensive source,strong antioxidant activity and excellent security.Therefore,the development of effective and safe natural antioxidants becomes one of the main topics in the field of antioxidants.Galla chinensis(GAC),a natural non-toxic traditional Chinese medicine with potential development prospects,is the gall produced by some parasitic aphids(family Pemphigidae) on the Rhus leaves of the family Anacardiaceae(mainly Rhus chinensis Mill).Now,there are more researches on antibacterial,antiviral,suppression mutation and accelerating blood coagulation of GAC,but the reports about its free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant effect in mitochondria are even less.The experiment aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Galla chinensis extract (GCE),in order to understand pharmacological mechanisms of this plant as a foodstuff as well as in medicine.First.GAC was macerated by water/acetone(1:2,v/v) with 4 times volume in a water bath at 50℃,then remove the acetone,the remaining aqueous solution was extracted with ether and ethyl acetate sequently,the extracts were evaporated to dryness and obtained GCE.Finally,we employed in vitro chemical assay systems,including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH·)/ peroxide anion /hydroxyl radical-scavenging,reducing power assay system,peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid from yolk lipoprotein induced by Fe²⁺ method,andβ-carotene/linoleic acid assay system,and in vitro mitochondrial damage models induced by Fe²⁺-Vc,including malondialdehyde(MDA) content,mitochondrial swelling.ATPase activity and protein carbonyl content along with superoxide anion generation,in order to evaluate total antioxidant activity of GCE.The results showed that GCE exposed strong antioxidant capability in a dose-dependent manner. IC₅₀ values in scavenging abilities on DPPH·and O₂^-·of GCE were 13.75 ug/mLå’Œ46.15ug/mL. whereas for Vc they were 10.27 ug/mL and 54.35 ug/mL.The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of GCE is stronger than D-mannitol obviously,its scavenging ability(58.03%) is 4.28 times of D-mannitol(13.56%) at 0.25 mg/mL.GCE has preferable reducing power and excellent total antioxidant activity,and effectively inhibit lipid peroxidation induced by Fe²⁺.GCE had been shown to inhibit the rat liver mitochondrial swelling,oxidation of thiol groups and maintaining ATPase activity to ensure that the mitochondrial membrane osmotic pressure exterior and interior.It also could protect mitochondria membranes by inbibit lipid peroxidation and superoxide anions generation.To sum up,GCE has significant antioxidant activity and can effectively protect the oxidative damage of mitochondria.However,whether there is a better antioxidant activity in vivo,remains to be further studied.The results showed that Galla chinensis can be used as an antioxidant activity of the health care products or the use of drug development.