Extraction And Analysis On Volatile Constituents From Bud Of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici

Bud of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici is a common traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which is used as heat-clearing and detoxication, protection against the cold et al. The main effective constituents for Bud of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici are volatile oil and flavonoids. Though there are many reports on Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, there is not any report on Bud of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici. However, there may be significant differences between the contents of volatile constituents for both samples because of their different growing stage. In this dissertation, in order to study their medical values with their chemical components, volatile oil from Bud of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici collected from different origins were extracted by steam distillation (SD) and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction. Then, their chemical components were identified and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Furthermore, the volatile constituents from Bud of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici were also analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction-GC/MS (HS-SPME-GC/MS) and flash distillation-GC (FD-GC).In the first chapter, current methods of extraction and analysis for volatile oil from Flos Chrysanthemi Indici and its Bud were briefly described. Then, the specific features of extraction techniques such as steam distillation (SD), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analysis techniques such as GC and GC/MS used in this field were discussed.In chapter 2, the volatile oils for Bud of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici from Suichang in Zhejiang, Huangshan in Anhui and Yunnan were extracted by SD. Then, the chemical constituents were separated and identified by GC/MS. The optimum GC separation condition was examed, and the components were quantitatively determined with normalization method. 92-96% components of volatile oil included 52-65 kinds of compounds were identified on the obtained chromatograms. Furthermore, comparative analysis on the volatile oil for Flos Chrysanthemi Indici and its Bud in Yunnan was carried out. The result suggested there were significant differences between the contents of chemical constituents for both volatile oil samples. Moreover the constituents of volatile oil from Bud of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici in Suichang obtained by SFC were also analyzed by GC/MS, and compared with those obtained by SD.In chapter 3, volatile oil for Bud of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici from Huangshan was extracted and analyzed by HS-SPME-GC/MS. The optimum extraction condition was examed, and thus obtained result was also compared with SD and SFC followed with GC/MS analysis. 35 compounds of volatile oil from Huangshan were identified, the R. S. D. were below 11%. This result suggests that SPME is quite suitable for analysis of the volatile and semi-volatile compounds in volatile oil.In chapter 4, volatile oil for Bud of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici from Huangshan was analyzed by flash distillation-GC. The optimum condition was examed at first. Then, 132 peaks were separated and 24 main peaks among them were identified by retention time. And Bud of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici from Suichang and Yunnan were also analyzed by FD-GC. The obtained result shows that compared with the previous three methods, FD-GC is a relatively simple, rapid, sensitive and solvent-free method for the analysis of the volatile compounds, especially suitable for the application to quality evaluation of the TCM.In the last chapter, the main results obtained from this research were summarized. Then, the problems to be considered for this research and the possible future trends in this field were also discussed.