Qinling Mountain Vegetation Ecosystem Services And Its Spatial Characteristics

The ecosystem function and valuation are the impotent components of the earth life supporting system, and the basic elements of the environment and the social sustainable development. To assess the value of ecosystem function and valuation is the essential for bringing ecosystem function into the social economic system and marketing, and is also an important way to arouse the attention of the society on the environment and ecosystem conservation.The meaning of the valuation of ecological services function from the vegetation ecosystem in the Qinling mountains was discussed on the base of reviewing the concept, the researching progress, the classification and the evaluation methods of ecological services function in this paper. Based on the GIS technique, the values of primary productivity, soil and fertilization conservation, water conservation, fixing CO2, releasing O2 and cleansing the environment of vegetation ecosystem in Qinling mountains were assessed with the methods of environmental economics such as market value, shadow project, opportunity cost and material replacement etc. At last the space distribution diagrams of ecosystems services function are established on the terrace of GIS.The research results are:(1)The total value of vegetation ecosystem services in Qinling mountains is 112.13 billion yuan/a with the north part 25.78 billion yuan/a and south part 86.35 billion yuan/a. The value of primary productivity of vegetation is 12.22 billion yuan/a with the north part 2.57 billion yuan/a and south part 9.65 billion yuan/a. The value of soil and fertilization conservation is 38.79 billion yuan/a with the north part 10.21 billion yuan/a and south part 28.58 billion yuan /a. The value of water conservation is 17.16 billion yuan /a with the north part 3.58 billion yuan/a and south part 13.58 billion yuan/a. The value of fixing CO2 is 17.56 billion yuan/a with the north part 3.69 billion yuan/a and south part 13.87 billion yuan /a. The value of releasing O2 is 14.23 billion yuan/a with the north part 2.99 billion yuan /a and south part 11.24 billion yuan/a. The value of cleansing the environment is 12.14 billion yuan /a with the north part 2.73 billion yuan /a and south part 9.41 billion yuan /a.(2)The value order of 7 kinds of vegetation ecosystems in Qinling mountains is as: angiospermous forest > shrubbery forest > cropland > grassland > coniferous forest>angiospermous mixed coniferous forest>alm and subalpine, alpine shrubbery. The value order of 6 kinds of ecological services function is as: soil and fertilization conservation>fixing CO2>water conservation>releasing O2>primary productivity of vegetation>cleansing the environment. So the angiospermous forest and shrubbery forest are important in soil and fertilization conservation, fixing CO2 and water conservation , and the most important vegetation ecosystems as angiospermous forest and shrubbery forest main scatter in the areas of Chencang, Meixian, Zhouzhi, Huxian and Chang'an countries, the north of Qinling mountains.(3)Because of the difference in geology, geography, weather, precipitation, the type and coverage of vegetation as well as the kinds of soil and so on, the value of unit area ecosystems services in north part is higher than that of south part. And just because the area of south part is far bigger than that of the north part, the total value of south part is higher than that of north part.