The Evolution Of China 's Decision - Making From 1922 To 1931

Washington Conference broke the Japanese take over China’s situation,under pressure from the international community and China’s national awakening, Japan was forced to change the foreign policy especially the policy toward China. In the 1920 s coming to a “coordination diplomacy” way of Kijuro diplomacy as the representative, but the “coordination diplomacy” in Japan is not a smooth road, In mid and late 1920 s, Japan to China showed up tough Tanaka diplomacy again,eventually the Japanese imperialist along the way of Tanaka period established “ Manmeng policy ” went down,launched the “ mukden incident”. This paper is in the time background of 1922 to 1931, through the study of Japanese policies to China, try to analyze the evolution process of Japanese policy makers decision during this period, and analyze how Japan’s China policy from “coordination” to tough, until the war of the armed occupation in northeast China.In this paper, a total of five parts, the first four parts according to the time sequence discuss Japanese four periods from 1922 to 1931 in China’s foreign decision evolution process,the four periods are the aloof cabinet、the first Kijuro diplomacy、the Tanaka diplomacy period and the second Kijuro diplomacy period, the fifth part is the full text summary.Washington system established, the interference of Japan to China instead of naked as the Frist World War, but the focus of the invasion put in “Manmeng region” of having “special rights”. In 1924, Kijuro Shidehara served as foreign minister, puts forward “coordination diplomacy”of “not to interfere in Chinese internal affairs”, the essence of Kijuro diplomacy is through the hidden intervention under the name of “non-interference”, to maintain Japan’s interests in China especially the interests of the“Manmeng region”, but such diplomacy still being attacked by opponents in the name of “ soft diplomacy ”, finally dejectedly stepped down.Yoshikazu Tanaka of famous tough on China in the April 1927 formed a government and a part-time foreign minister, adopted “positive policy” toward China,in presidency three times sent troops to shandong and tried to seize the Manmeng railway, but Tanaka’s tough policy did not bring the desired results for Japan, Contrary to sino-japanese relations caused a great impact at that time, because of “Huanggutun Incident” and “Northeast Flag Replacement”, Tanaka cabinet eventually fell from power.After Tanaka,the second Kijuro diplomacy regained “coordination doctrine”, aimed to restore Japan’s international image、repaired the sino-japanese relations、restored its trade with China, but the outbreak of the world economic crisis of 1929 destroyed the international and domestic environment of Kijuro diplomacy, then the militarism force of playing an important role in Japan’s foreign policy went on a military occupation of northeast China.In 1920 s, Japan’s foreign policy had been referred to as “coordination diplomacy”, but had a way of breaching “coordination diplomacy” and constructing “the new Asian order”, the two policies intertwined together, jointly safeguard the core issues of Japan’s foreign policy——“Manmeng rights”problems, on how to solve the problem of“ Manmeng rights ”, the armed occupation eventually defeated “coordination doctrine”, Japan was also on the road of the war moving farther and farther, until failure.