Study On The Relationship Between Intake And Depression Of Adult Fish

Aim: The relation of fish consumption and depression is not clear. The present study examined the association between fish consumption and depression though a meta-analysis and a cross-sectional study.Methods: A literature search was performed in Pub Med, Embase and Web of Science databases for all relevant studies in a meta-analysis. We pooled the relative risk(RR) with 95%CI from individual studies with random effects model, and conducted meta-regression to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was estimated by Egger’s test and the funnel plot. Cross-sectional data were collected from 20201 adults(aged 18 years or older) who participated in 2005-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHNES). Univariate chi-square test and Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test analysis were used to analyze the association of different types of fish consumption and depression. Logistic regression model was performed to estimate odds ratio(OR) with 95%CI.Results: A total of 26 studies involving 150278 participants were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled RR of depression for the highest versus lowest consumption of fish was 0.83(95%CI 0.74- 0.93). The findings remained significant in the cohort studies(RR=0.84, 95% CI 0.75- 0.94, n=10) as well as in the cross-sectional studies(RR=0.82, 95% CI 0.68- 1.00, n=16).A total of 20201 subjects were in our cross-sectional study. The average age was 47.24 ± 18.95 years. Among them, there were 4850 people suffering from depression(24.01%). Univariate chi-square test showed a significant negative correlation between total fish, sea fish intake and depression. The flatfish, haddock, salmon, sea bass, swordfish, and walleye of sea fish were significant protective factors, while breaded fish was a significant risk factor. The perch of lake fish was a significant risk factor, while trout was a significant protective factor. M-H chi-square test that controlled for age and gender showed that the results did not change substantially. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, salmon had a significant negative correlation with mild depression and moderate to severe depression, other fishes such as tuna, bass, flatfish, swordfish and walleye were only significantly negatively associated with moderate to severe depression, and the perch were only significantly positively associated with mild depression.Conclusion: The meta-analysis indicates that fish intake can reduce the risk of depression. The cross-sectional study shows that, sea fish intake play a protective effect on depression. Salmon was significantly inversely associated with both mild depression and moderate to severe depression. The perch and breaded fish may be risk factors of depression.