Changes Of Sugar - Tolerant Food Consumption And Its Relationship With Overweight And Obesity In Chinese Residents From 2002 To

Objective1. To analyze the consumption status and changes of sugar containing food of 2 years and older Chinese residents from 2002 to 2012.2. Using data from USDA Database for the Added Sugars Content of Selected Foods (2006) to calculate the added sugar intake and %total energy, then to provide scientific basis for reference intake of added sugar and related policy.3. To explore and analyze the relationship between Chinese adults’added sugar intake and overweight-obesity, then to provide scientific basis for control the status of overweight-obesity.Subjects and MethodsSubjectsThe research used data from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 and the Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012,Using data from basic family information,3 days 24-hours dietary recall, medical examination, Physical activity questionnaire survey.The subjects of descriptive study include all 2 years and older except pregnant and thelastria. The subjects of correlation study are adults of these in descriptive study.MethodsUsing information from Chinese food composition table(1992,2002 and 2009 edition) and added sugar data from USDA Database for the Added Sugars Content of Selected Foods (2006),334 kinds of foods containing added sugar are selected to contribute sugar containing food table.Then merge this table with 3 days 24-h recall dietary database, and using this database to analyze 2 years and older Chinese consumption proportion, consumption rate,%total energy of sugar containing food, intake of added sugar,%total energy of added sugar and the changes from 2002 to 2012.Using SAS 9.4 to fit multilevel logistic regression and to explore the relationship between sugar containing food consumption and overweitht-obesity.Results1. General features of sugar containg food consumersIn 2002, there’re 13374 consumers, in 2012, there’re 17053 consumers.35-54 years old urban female are the maximum groupconsumers in 2002, while 55 over age urban female are the maximum groupconsumers in 2012.2. Consumption of sugar containing foodThe consumption of sugar containing food of Chinese residents in 2002 is 20.0%, the rate in urban and rural residents are 39.7% and 10.6%, the highest consumption rate is 54.2% in urban 2-5 boy; the consumption of sugar containing food of Chinese residents in 2012 Is 26.9%, the rate in urban and rural residents are39.9% and 14.7%, when divided into four areas, consumption rate in big city, medium/small city, general rural and poor rural show a decreasing tendency,the highest consumption rate is 76.5% in 2-5 girl of big city. Overall, the consumption rate in 2012 is increasing from 2002 by 31.9%.3. The consumption proportion of sugr containing foodFrom 2002 to 2012, the consumption proportion of urban is higher than rural, female higher than male.In 2002, the 35-54 age group accounts for the mostproportion, in 2012, the 55 over age group accounts for the mostproportion.The main consumption time is at breakfast, which is 47.4% in 2002 and 41.1% in 2012, and the consumption time has a tendercy from dinner time to snack time. The main consumption place is at home, which is 82.6% in 2002 and 83.1% in 2012.The top three consumption frequency of sugar containing food are bread (average), biscuits (average), steamedrolls (milk) in 2002. The top three consumption frequency of sugar containing foods are bread (average), yoghout (average), biscuits (average) in 2012.From 2002 to 2012, the consumption frequency of fast food,sugar-sweetened beverage,dairy products is increasing, while consumption frequency of cake and dessert,sugar and sweets is decreasing.4.%Total energy of sugar containing foodThe %Total energy of sugar containing food in 2002 is 9.5% (95%CI=9.3%, 9.6%), urban higher than rural(P<0.0001),the highest %Total energy is 13.5% in 2-5 age group urban female in 2002. The %Total energy of sugar containing food in 2012 is 9.1%(95%CI=9.0%,9.2%),urban higher than rural(P<0.0001),the highest %Total energy is 15.08% in 2-5 age group urban female in 2012.On the whole, the% Total energy of sugar containing food in 2012 is higher than 2002(p<0.0001).From 2002 to 2012,when divided into eight types of sugar containing food, The% Total energy of sugar-sweetened beverage,dairy products,fast food is increasing,%Total energy of sugar-sweetened beverage increased from 0.39% to 0.55%, dairy from 0.50% to 0.87%,fast food from 2.62% to 4.18%,%Total energy of cake and desserts decreased from 3.96% to 2.03%,sugar and sweets from 0.44% to 0.19%,other cereal sweets and starch products from 1.38% to 1.12%, fruits and products from 0.10% to 0.05%, beans and products essentially constant.5. Consumption and% Total energy of added sugarTotal consumption of added sugar in 2002 is higher than 2012(P<0.0001).Consumption of added sugar in 2002 is 25.6 g/d,rural higher than urban, male higher than female,the maximum consumption is 35.8 g/d in 18-34 age group rural male. Consumption of added sugar in 2012 is 18.8 g/d, rural higher than urban, male higher than female, the maximum consumption is 24.7 g/d in 12-17 age group rural male.According to food sources of added sugar, the main source is cakes and desserts in 2002 and 2012, which is 13.3 g/d and 5.9g/d, added sugar from sugar-sweetened beverages.dairy and products and fast food is increasing from 2002 to 2012.%Total energy of added sugar in 2002 is higher than 2012(P<0.0001),%Total energy of added sugar is 5.03% in 2002, Urban lower than rural, male lower than female,and it’s decreasing as the age increasing.%Total energy of added sugar is 4.13% in 2012, Urban lower than rural, male lower than female,and except 55 over age group, it’s decreasing as the age increasing.The main source of added sugar in 2002 and 2012 are both cakes and desserts, the% Total energy are 2.52% and 1.25%. From 2002 to 2012,%Total energy of added sugar from sugar-sweetened beverages, dairy and products, fast food are all increasing, sugar-sweetened beverages from 0.57% to 0.77%, dairy from 0.36% to 0.57%, fast food from 0.49% to 0.80%,%Total energy of added sugar from the other five kinds food are all decreasing(all P<0.05).6. Relationship between intake of sugar containing food and overweight-obesityThe multilevel logistic regression model is used to analyze the relationship between adults’intake of sugar containing food and overweight-obesity. The results indicate after control the influence of area, year, educationlevel, age,gender, exersize, total enrgey intake, intake of sugar containing food is positively associated with overweitht-obesity, OR= 1.055 (P=0.02)ConclusionThe consumption rate is increasing from 20.0% in 2002 to 26.9% in 2012, urban higher then rural, female higher than male. The distribution of consumer has a tendency to urban and older people, gap narrowed between genders. The main consumption time is at breakfast, which is 47.4% in 2002 and 41.1% in 2012, the consumption time has a tendency from dinner time to snack time. The main consumption place is at home, which is 82.6% in 2002 and 83.1% in 2012.%Total energy of sugar containing food decreasing from 9.5% in 2002 to 9.1% in 2012.Consumption of added sugar is decreasing from 25.6g/d in 2002 to 18.8g/d in 2012.%Total energy of added sugar is decreasing from 5.03% in 2002 to 4.13% in 2012, added sugar from sugar-sweetened beverages,dairy and products,fast food is increasing.Compared with other developed countries, consumption of Chinese residents is relatively low,which is under the WHO recommends intake level 10%.The exploring analyses indicate that people who consume sugar containing food have a 9.2% higher risk of overweight-obesity than those who don’t consume sugar containing food,OR=1.055 (P=0.02). Overall, from 2002 to 2012, consumption rate of Chinese residents is increasing, while consumption and %Total energy are both decreasing, the younger have a higher consumption level.There’s positive association between sugar containing food and overweight-obesity in Chinese adults.