Social Anomie And Social Solidarity

In Durkheim's view, the division of the human social form should not take the main economic activities in the society as a standard, but should type by distinguish different social pattern to define the development of human society stage. He thinks that, so far, there exists two kinds of social solidarity pattern .One is mechanical solidarity, and the other is the organic solidarity. But the extreme state of these two kinds of social solidarity pattern is not exist, there just a dominant pattern.Mechanical solidarity, also named "unity due to the similarity" by Durkheim, means in this type of society, the relationship interpersonal, between individual and collective and the relationship between collective and collective is some kind of similarity that the society can form base on. And this state of society seems like a machine composed by different sections. Although inside of these sections, individuals in the collectives that formed these sections are linked together by the similarity of ways of thinking and manners, there's no functional need between sections. Such kind of society can run like a machine. Because of this, Durkheim called this form of social solidarity model mechanical solidarity. Another pattern of social solidarity opposed to mechanical solidarity is called organic solidarity by Durkheim. The so-called organic unity, means in this kind of society, personal and between forming social collective link together turn out to be a similarity pattern with organic. Although all these social collectives can operate independently, they link together because of function need. The reason that causes this function need is the development of social division. Durkheim thinks, with the development of social division of labor, professional skill and the need of specialty can directly promote the development of the society, people are more and more benefited from the division of labor, and the benefits of the continuous development of specialization, accumulation of professional knowledge further promote the transformation of human social solidarity mode . That means the mechanical solidarity will transform into organic solidarity. By analyzed the transformation of law, Durkheim proved this change, but this is not to say that this transformation was achieved overnight. Through a series of positivism analysis, Durkheim points out, the European society in 19th century, is in a state of disorder. The ethics of mechanical solidarity mode and legal custom even religion, along with the continuous development of social labor division, which caused by personal thought liberation, gradually lose the restriction to individuals. But on the other hand, the new social norms are not to come into being with the increase proportion of organic solidarity, and that led to produce a specification society which is lack of norms. Durkheim realizes that this anomie state, as a morbid social fact, also needs to be studied. Only base on the analysis of the social morbidity phenomenon can people work hard to push through a deliberately social transformation.Durkheim points out that social solidarity is an overall morality phenomenon, so we should study the transformation of social solidarity pattern. Base on the research in the transformation of social morality with a meticulous research, we can find out the basic elements of moral, gives them new era of connotation and education by feasible method, we can make the new social moral increasingly perfect, and promote the transformation of social solidarity mode and maintain social stability and reduce the relative to eliminate the effects of social anomie. Meanwhile, Durkheim conceives to promoting the development of occupational group (also called the "corporations") in the professional groups, to build the new organic solidarity pattern, finally realizes the social transformation.