The "Educational Revolution" Since The" Great Leap Forward" Movement And The Launching Of The "Cultural Revolution"

The education of New China regarded"Russia as her teacher"before the fulfilment of the socialist transformation in 1956.After the fulfillment of the socialist transformation, an educational reform was undertaken in China in order to construct an educational formula which should be combined wich Chinese reality and suitable to the development of her educational establishment. The"Educational Revolution"was began in 1958 .The educational reform unfolded in an all-round way. Although the"Educational Revolution"had some achievement, wrong doing and mistakes were so serious that it led to more loss,less gain. In the early of 1960s,some"left"errors in the"Educational Revolution"were aware of and initiated to some regulation but the deeper"left"errors couldn′t be liquidated. As the"Educational Revolution"developed continuously, the"left"thinking in the educational field also grew and expanded incessantly, and it obstructed the educational establishment in our country and became the theoretical base of"Cultural Revolution"and practical evidence. The"Cultural Revolution"started first in educational field and it became the major war field of the"Cultural Revolution". The lesson drawn from the"Educational Revolution"in 1950-1960s was really deep.Running education in a"great-leap-forward"speed made its developing speed and scale of education in China surpass her practical bearing ability in economy. Calling on the masses for running all kinds of schools in a movement way, the government doing not any necessary things to control and manage them, stressing quantity but not quality, all these were against the objective principle in educational development.The principle of education combined with productive labour was not correctly understood, this is the most striking content in the"Educational Revolution".One-sidedly considering that productive labour is physical labour and regarding that education in China was separated from productive labour, so teachers and students were made to take part in too much physical labour which had nothing to do with their teaching ang learning, and they hoped that their thinking would be reformed througt this way. They even took production as centre to organize teaching and learning and threw the sequence of normal teaching and learning into confusion and threw the system of knowledge into confusion as well.The quality of teaching and learning was going a downhill way and they violated the principle that teathing and learning must be the centre in school work.The mutual relation between education and politics was not handled well and they stressed education serving politics one-sidedly and ignored the other function of education and education was impacted by political movement and the main spirit of education was opposed. They wrongly estimated class struggle in educational field and thought that the leadership of schools was in the hands of bourgeois intellectuals.