Translation Manipulated

The study on translation used to be source-text-oriented for a long time. People attached much importance to questions, such as:"is the translation faithful to the original text?" "does the translator express the author's view accurately?" etc. With the rise of culture turn in translation studies, people pay attention to the translation text. Andre Lefevere's Manipulation Theory offered new ways to translation studies. Based on the Manipulation Theory, this thesis tries to study Zhu Shenghao's and Liang Shiqiu's translated versions of Shakespeare's legend the Tempest in order to find out how the theory can explain the translation phenomenon in these two versions.As Andre Lefevere showed, all translation is manipulated by three elements: ideology, poetics and patronage. Ideology includes certain social ideology and personal ideology, which determines the selection of themes and translator's strategy in the translation. A poetics consists of an inventory of literary devices, genres, motifs, prototypical characters, situations and symbols, which decides the usage of language in the translation. Patronage will be understood to mean something like the powers (persons, institutions) that can further or hinder the translation. Patronage can be exerted by persons, and also by groups of persons, a religious body, a political party, a social class, a royal court, publishers, and last but not least, the media. Patronage basically consists of three interactive elements that combine variously. They are ideological, economic and status components.Zhu Shenghao's and Liang Shiqiu's translated versions of Shakespeare's plays are two important ones in China. Having stood the test of time, they are most popular and highly influential among readers. This thesis introduces their translated versions of Shakespeare's legend the Tempest with Chinese main stream ideology, poetics at that time as well as the two masters'different life experiences, academic thoughts and patrons. Finally the study reaches the conclusion:manipulation phenomenon does exist in the two translations. Every translation is the production of manipulation of ideologies, poetics and patronage in a certain time and a certain society. It is different ideologies, poetics and patronage that result in different translated texts.