Risk Factors Of Periventricular Leukomalacia In Newborn Infants

ObjectiveThis retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of neonatal periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in order to investigate the risk factors of neonatal periventricular leukomalacia. When we know these risk factors, we can guide the perinatal care, avoid PVL and cut down the incidence rate of PVL.If a new bron has the risk factors of PVL, we can diagnose early, intervene early and improve the prognosis.Methods1. This retrospective study collected 43 newborns with Periventricular Leukomalacia and 43 newborns with non-Periventricular Leukomalacia in the same period. The clinical data included the gestational age, the score of 1 minute Apgar, the score of 5 minute Apgar,meconium-staining amniotic fluid,cord around neck, placenta praevia,premature rupture of membranes,fetal distress in uterus, pregnancy induced hypertension, mechanical vertilation, apnea, scleredema neonatorum , pathological jaundice and intracranial hemorrhage. 2. All data was analyzed by SPSS16.0 software.The result of measurement data was represented by mean±Std.,and analyzed by T- test. The result of numeration data was represented by percentage(%),and analyzed by chi-square test. The related risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results1. There were 43 newborns with PVL in Children's Hospital of Chongqing medical university from January 2004 to December 2009,including 29 males and 14 females, 28 premature infants and 15 term infants, 38 single birth and 5 from twins.2. In the group with PVL,there were 8 newborns with apnea(18.60%), 27 newborns with intracranial hemorrhage (62.79%), 15 newborns with scleredema neonatorum(34.88%), 23 newborns with pathological jaundice(53.49%).3. The mean±Std. of the gestational age in the PVL group is 34.79±3.87 weeks, and the mean±Std. of the gestational age in the non-PVL group is 36.33±3.06 weeks, with significance between two groups(t= -12.096, p<0.005).4. The infants with PVL had significant difference from those with non- PVL in the rate of the score of 1 minute Apgar(x2=6.084,p=0.048), the score of 5 minute Apgar(x2=7.620, P=0.012), fetal distress in uterus (x 2=6.541, P = 0. 01 1), pregnancy induced hypertension(x2=5.108, P=0.024), mechanical vertilation(x2=13.946, P=0.000), apnea(x2=8.821, P=0.003), and intracranial hemorrhage(x2=39.356, P=0.000).5. We further used logistic regression analysis to test above significantly different variables, then the four variables(gestational age, the score of 1 minute Apgar, fetal distress in uterus, pregnancy induced hypertension )were the main high risk factors of PVL(p<0.05), OR of them were 0.835, 0.248, 3.912 and 4.040 respectively.Conclusions1. PVL was more common in premature infants.And as the gestational age is smaller, the incidence rate of PVL is higher.2. There were significant differences between two groups in the rate of gestational age, the score of 1 minute Apgar, the score of 5 minute Apgar, fetal distress in uterus, pregnancy induced hypertension ,mechanical ventilation, apnea and intracranial hemorrhage as the risk factors of PVL.3. The four variables(gestational age, the score of 1 minute Apgar, fetal distress in uterus, pregnancy induced hypertension ) were the main high risk factors of PVL.