| The Jin Dynasty was established in 1115 by Jurchen after North Song Dynasty, and overthrew by Mongolian in 1234. The Yuan Dynasty was set up in 1271.Various diseases resulted from the war during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The medical conditions could not meet the needs of human beings, therefore the medical experts formed and developed their own academic schools based on their clinical experiences and knowledge.A lot of researches were made in the Song and Jin Dynasties. During the period of the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared many great medical experts such as Zhang Wansu, Zhang Congzheng, Wang Haogu, etc. And experts majoring in acumox also dedicated themselves too much, such as Wang Weiyi(Xinzhu Tongren Shuxue Zhenjiu Tujing), HeRuoyu(LiuzhuZhiweiFu or Ziwu Liuzhu Zhenjing), HuaShou(Shisijing Fahui), WangZhizhong(Zhenjiu Zisheng Jing), DouJie(Zhenjing Zhinan), WangKai(Chongzhu Biaoyoufu), Zhudingzhu(Doutaishi Biaoyoufu). All of the books mentioned above reflected the characteristics of acumox during the Jin and Yuan dynasties.In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared four great medical schools. And there were various theories in acomox, such as acupoint selection according to timing, which was recorded in Ziwu Liuzhu Zhenjing, Zhenjiu Zhinan, Jinlan Xunjing Quxue Tujie (written by Hutaibilie) and Shisijing Fahui(written by Hua Shou).The purpose of our study is to explore the value and creation of acumox in order to serve modern clinic by extracting the articles of the medical experts during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.The academic characteristics and value of acumox part in these articles are analyzed and summarized as follows:1 Meridian SystemHua Shou, a great medical expert in the Yuan Dynasty, was good at acupuncture and moxibustion, represented by his book Shisijing Fahui, which symbolized the study of acumox has reached a new level. He advocated that governor vessel and conception vessel were as important as the twelve meridians. He developed the theory of meridian system by verifying 657 acupoints recorded in Su Wen and Ling Shu and supplementing the circulating routes of the fourteen meridians.The number of acupoints increased during this period. Extra acupoints and effective acupoints can be found in some books. And the application were extended in depth.Bronze acupuncture status, invented by Wang Weiyi, was a great invention for image teaching method, which is still practical by now.More attention was paid to meridian during this period. Take Dou Hanqing for example, he adjusted the balance between yin and yang to improve the body condition through meridian system. Hua Shou advocated the theory of fourteen meridians.2 Midnight-noon Ebb-flowHe Ruoyu, who invented the acupuncture method of ziwuliuzhunajia and yangzishikeliuzhu, combined midnight-noon ebb-flow and heavenly stem-prescription of point selection together, and described the content and application in Ziwu Liuzhu Zhenjing.3 the selection of acupoints was simple and effectiveThe medical experts usually selected simple and effective acupoints, such as specific acupoints.Dou Hanqing was used to taking the eight acupoints. For example, he took Gong Sun(Sp. 4) in the patients with stomachache due to deficiency of spleen yang, Zhao Hai(K. 6) in throat stagnation.Liu Wansu preferred the five shu acupoints especially the jing acupoints. And he took the primary acupoint of yangming meridian Chong Yang(St. 42) in patient with front lumbago, taiyang meridian Jing Gu(U.B. 64) in patient with back lumbago and shaoyang meridian Qiu Xu(G.B. 40) in patient with side lumbago, which embodied the characteristics of syndrome differentiation. Du Sijing paid more attention to the five shu acupoints.4 The specialization of the treatmentOne of the four great medical experts in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, was very skilled in treating cold damage, ulcer, and eye disease, which was recorded in Yuan History. Luo Tianyi extended the therapeutic range of moxibustion, treating wart on the face by moxibustion method.Hu Yuanqing was good at surgical moxibustion, represented by his book, Yongju Shenmi Jiujing.5 The manipulation of acumoxThe fourteen acupuncture methods, the four feijingzouqi methods, and the eight methods in treating disease were recorded . According to the experience of previous experts, Dou Mo not only invented the method of supplement and purgation based on cold and heat, but also summarized the manipulation of the fourteen acupuncture methods, which had a profound effect on the study of acupuncture manipulation. Zhu Zhenheng was skillful in prinking and bloodletting therapy.The first three parts of Jingsheng Bacui——Zhenjing Jieyao, Jiegu Yunqi Zhenfa, Zhenjing Zhaiying Ji, are monograph in acumox, all of which were compiled by Du Sijing. There are 69 acupuncture prescriptions in the chapter of manipulation of acupuncture, which is the main content of Zhenjing Zhaiying Ji. In this book, the manipulation was explained in detail.6 The method of supplement and purgationWang Guorui, proud disciple of Dou Hanqing, preferred treating the patient based on the circulation sequence of qi and blood, represented by his book Bianque Shenying Zhenjiu Yulong Jing.7 Poem used in acupuncture book Many of the acupuncture books during this period were written in poem.65 poems were collected in Zhenjiu Juying, which is a precious heritage for the study of acumox. Dou Hanqing summarized the theories of acumox in poem, according to Zhenjing and his clinical experience, such as Biaoyou Fu and Tongxuan Zhiyao Fu.8 orientation of acupointsDu Sijing took notice of the body position of the patient when the doctor was selecting acupoints. For example, he let the patient sit straight, when he took Sizhukong(S.J.23). This is practical to the subsequent doctors.In conclusion,the acupuncture and moxibustion were developed rapidly during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. The medical experts formed their own theories and methods based on previous study. Through this study, we further understand the source of acumox, and provide new thinking and experience for modern acumox clinic. |
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