| Kumquat is included in Citrus genus. It is believed to be native to China. Down the ages, people looks on kumquat as one kind of the high-grade fruit. In order to provide the data for health care function and effects of pharmacology, make full use the resource of orange and develop traditional Chinese medicine, this study ascertained the chemical compositions and antioxidation of kumquat.The volatile composition of fresh kumquat (F. Crassifolia Swingle, F. margarita Swingle and F. Japonica Swingle) each from Liu yang, Gui lin and Yang shuo was determined by using Soild Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) coupled with GC/MS/DS. The optimum experiment parameter for SPME was that amount of juice was 5 mL, time of extraction was 25 min, and temperature was 45℃. The experiment identified forty-five volatile components in the three kumquat samples. It contained Alkenes, alcohols, ketones, esters. Most of them were Alkenes. D-limonene, Cadina-1(10), 4-diene, Neryl acetate was found in all of the samples. D-limonene was the dominant constituent. In addition, each kumquat contains its peculiar component. F. Crassifolia Swingle contains 2-Thujene, F.Japonica Swingle contains 2,6,10, 14-tetramethyl-Heptadecane,4-Octadecylmorpholine,2,6-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-(1-methylpropyl)-Phenol, Germacrene B, Isopropyl Palmitate, Ocimene. F. margarita Swingle contains Linalool, Isocatuophillene.The volatile oil of fresh kumquat (Fortunella Crassifolia Swingle) extracted by steam distillation, and their chemical constituents were analyzed by GC/MS/DS. It identified 30 volatile compositions in the sample. The main results are as follows:11 alkenes,6 alcohols,1 ketone,6 esters and 4 aldehydes were determined. D-limonene was the dominant constituent.The chemical constituents of kumquat was studied systematically. Two compounds were isolated by repeated column chromatography (silica gel column chromatography and gel column chromatography) and identified on the basis of various spectral analyses (NMR, MS, UV, IR etc.). These two compounds were Limonin (The part of chlorine washed by solution of chlorine:ethyl acetate=5:95) and Hesperidin (The part of ethyl acetate washed by solution of chloroform:methanol: water=65:20:2).The extraction of carotenoid in F. margarita Swingle was investigated by using the orthogonal experiment, and took the content as the craft target. The result indicated that the optimum refining conditions were follows:extraction for 2 times were optima; the mixture solution of petroleum ether and acetone (1:1, V/V) maybe used as extractant; tangerined the kumquat smashes which islyophilizated till 60-80 eyes, then joined the stabilizer, the temperature was 40℃, extracts volume (mL):dryed powder weight (g) was 20:1, the pH of the digestion liquid was 7.5, the time of extraction was 60 minutes. The average recovery of carotenoid was 46.10μg/g.In this study, we used the F.Crassifolia Swingle from Liu yang as the raw material. After extracting with 70% alcohol, we took the chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol to treat the crude extract, and different solvent extracts received, including the chloroform fraction, the ethyl acetate fraction and the butanol fraction, the water fraction. The function studied the antioxidant activities of these fractions compared with VE in mice by measuring the serum SOD and MDA concentrations, and the results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had more effects on the antioxidation in mice than the others. Compared with VE, its ability has no obvious difference. Therefore, the ethyl acetate fraction has very strong antioxidant activities. |
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