Research On The Effects Of Phoxim On The Reproductive Toxicity Of Male Mouse

In china, pesticides have been drawing increasing attention since they were commonly used for the control of agriculture and indoor pests. Compared with others Organophosphorus Pesticides (OP), used widely in agriculture practice,have broad-spectrum in controlling insecticide, short residual period and low price, they have largely replaced organochlorine pesticides which can bioaccumulate and biomagnify. OP residue is the most outstanding issue in pesticide residue in food. A few studies have shown that these pesticides can cause dysfunction in reproductive system. Therefore we choose phoxim, one kinds of OP used widely, study of which reproductive toxicity on male mouse.Objective:To study the effects of phoxim on the reproductive toxicity of male mice. Male mice reproductive cell enzyme activity in testis, lipid peroxidation, testosterone in serum, cell cycle and cell apoptosis of the testicle cell, spermatogenesis dysfunction and pathological change were observed after mouse were exposed by phoxim. Explore the reproductive toxicity of phoxim.Methods:The mouse were randomly divided into 4 groups , one of which was for negative control group, and the other three were high does group193.50mg/kg(1/10 LD50),middle does group 96.75 mg/kg(1/20 LD50),low does group 48.38mg/kg(1/40 LD50). The mice were killed after they were given phoxim by intragastric lavage for 6 months.Phoxim was dissolved by edible oil, and positive control group were force-fed solvent only.Effect of phoxim on Spermatogenesis, enzyme activity of testicle cells and lipid peroxidation, testosterone level in serum, the change of germ cells cycle, apoptosis percentage in testicle cells, pathological examination of testis in male mouse were detected after the mouse were killed.The data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 and the results were demonstrated as , The ANOVA were used to analyze the mean.Results:1. Effects of phoxim on testicular and epididymal viscera coefficients in male mouseTesticular and epididymal viscera coefficients decreased exposed phoxim for a long period, compared with the control group testicular viscera coefficients of high dose group decreased significantly( P<0.05 ).2. Effect of Phoxim on Spermatogenesis in male mouseSperm counts decreased exposed phoxim for a long period, compared with the control group sperm counts of high does group decreased significantly ( P<0.05 ); Aberration ratio increased exposed phoxim , compared with control group and LD group HD group increased significantly( P<0.05 ) ;Sperm motility decreased and there are significant difference between high dose group and control group.3. Effects of phoxim on lipid peroxidation of the testis in male mouseSOD activity of the testis in male mouse increased, MD and HD group increased significantly compared with LD and control group( P<0.05 ); MDA content of HD group were higher than control group( P<0.05 ) according to ANOVA analysis.4. Eeffects of phoxim on enzyme activity of testis in male mouseLDH activity of the testis in male mouse decreased, there are significant difference between HD group and control group; Compared with control group activity of SDH decreased after exposes phoxim, HD group SDH activity are lower than control group( P<0.05 ) according to analysis.5. Effects of phoxim on testosterone level in serum of male mouseResults of serum testosterone level of mouse showed that Serum testosterone content in mouse of experimental group were lower than the controls significantly, compared with the controls, MD group and HD group decreased significantly x±s ( P<0.05 ), and there are difference between LD group and HD group according to analysis.6. Effects of phoxim on testicle cell apoptosis and cell cycle in male mouseCompared with the control group, the percentage of G0 /G1 phase cells in all experimental groups significantly decreased ( P<0.05 ),While the percentage of S phase cells in all experimental groups were higher than the control group( P<0.05 ), While G2+M phase cells decreased; The result of testicle cell apoptosis indicated that there was a difference between experimental groups and control group, HD group cell apoptosis rate increased significantly( P<0.05 ), compared with LD and MD groups.7. Effects of phoxim on Pathologic change of testis in male mousePathological sections changes of testicular showed: seminiferous tubular diameter of mouse exposed phoxim was decreased, convoluted seminiferous tubules of trial groups mouse become thin,some Spermatogenic cells are even observed fallen into the lumens. matrix cells arrayed loosely ,vacuolus can be observed in sertoli cells, Mature sperms in the tubules decrease in number or even completely disappear.Conclusions:The study shows that exposed phoxim low dose for long period have effects on Spermatogenesis in male mouse, leading to oxidative damage of testis tissue; decreasing the activity of enzyme of testis and serum testosterone level, disorder the reproductive hormones; phoxim could induce cell apoptosis and have a effect on cell cycle;damaged the integrity of histological of mouse testis;...