| Objective In this study,overall nutrition survey and body composition analysis was conducted in type 2 diabetics.According to the nutritional state and characteristics of diets,combining with biochemical indexes and oxidative index,we discussed diet factors associated with type 2 diabetes,and further make the possible diet suggestions to prevent and cure type 2 diabetes.Methods The study selected type 2 diabetics and normal people for analysis.Historical diet data,eating habit,daily nutrient intake category and amount was assessed by food questionnaire.Diet state of type 2 diabetics was further analyzed.Body composition analyzer was used to analyze body moisture content, intracellular fluid,extracellular fluid,muscle weight,body fat,body fat distribution, percent body fat,waist-hip ratio(WHR),and mineral matters,etc.Using UV-colorimetry to measure serum glucose content.Luminance colorimetry was used to measure serum levels of total protein,albumin,globulin,etc.Enzyme colorimetry was used to measure total triglyceride,total cholesterol,alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,etc.SpectraSpanv(3DCP-AES) was used to measure serum levels of magnesium,calcium,iron,zinc,copper, etc.Weight monitor was used to measure body height and weight.Sphygmomanometer was used to measure blood Pressure.Biological kits were used to measure serum levels of vitamin E,copper-protein,superoxide dismutase,malondialdehyde,glutathione catalase,etc.Results1.172 subjects were selected,including 85 patients and 87 control subjects.Age and sex have no differences between groups,which keeps a good balance.2.Serum levels of SOD,CAT,CP and vitamin E,SOD,GSH-Px,CAT,and vitamin E were significantly lower in case group compared to control group(P＜0.01).MDA was significantly higher in case group(P＜0.01),however,the difference of GSH-Px activity was not significant.3.In the results of liver function and renal function,urea nitrogen,creatinine and glucose levels were significantly higher in case group compared to control group (P＜0.01).There were no differences in levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase,alkaline phosphatase and total protein between groups.4.In the results of serum lipid,HDL-C levels were significantly lower in case group (P＜0.05).While triglyceride,triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein,and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein were significantly higher in case group(P＜0.01).5.In the results of 13 serum microelement levels,serum zinc,selenium,magnesium and chromium levels were significantly lower in case group compared to control group.However,serum copper,iron,nickel and cobalt levels were significant higher in case group,and other microelements were not different between two groups in case group.Serum manganese in case group was higher than standard value.Cu/zn was higher in case group.6.It was found that the amount of daily energy intake and protein intake were lacking.Fat energy proportions in all female patients were obviously higher than 30%.Except fat energy proportions in＞70 years old male patients was normal,other male patients were obviously higher than RNI.Carbohydrate energy proportions in male patients were normal,but in female patients of＜50,50～60,60～70 years old were obviously lower than 50%,others were normal.Intake of vitamin A,vitamin C, thiamine,riboflavin,calcium,magnesium,kalium,zinc,selenium were lower than RNI.7.The mean of the waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio of the diabetic were higher than that of the non-diabetic,the differences were statistically significant. 8.The difference of the education level of two groups was no statistically significant.There was no difference in the percentage of brain worker to manual worker in two groups(P＞0.05).Type 2 diabetics had better nutrition knowledge in case group than in control group(P＜0.05).9.There were positive correlations between the waist circumference,waist-to-hip ratio and triglyceride.The waist circumference,waist-to-hip ratio of the case group was negatively related to high density lipoprotein.The waist-to-hip ratio was negatively related to alkaline phosphatase(P＜0.05).10.There were positive correlations between copper,lead,nickel,cu/zn and blood sugar,while zinc was negatively related to blood sugar.11.Copper was positively related to the waist circumference(P＜0.01),while zinc, selenium,manganese,lead,calcium,chromium,cadmium,nickel were negatively related to the waist circumference(P＜0.01,P＜0.05 ).12.GSH-Px,MDA were positively related to the waist circumference(P＜0.05),VitE,CP were negatively related to the waist circumference(P＜0.01),CAT,SOD,VitE,CP were negatively related to blood sugar(P＜0.01),MDA was positively related to blood sugar(P＜0.01).Conclusion1.To compare with the control group,the levels of SOD,CAT,CP and vitamin E of case group are lower,while MDA of case group are higher.2.To compare with the control group,urea nitrogen,creatinine and glucose levels are higher in case group.HDL-C levels are significantly lower in case group,while triglyceride,triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein,and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein are significantly higher in case group.3.In the results of 13 serum microelement levels,serum zinc,selenium,magnesium and chromium levels are lower in case group.However,serum copper,iron,nickel and cobalt levels are higher in case group.Serum cu/zn is higher in case group.4.Diet pattern structure of type 2 diabetics in this study is not quite reasonable.The amount of daily energy intake and protein intake are lacking.Fat energy proportions in all female patients are obviously higher than 30%.Except fat energy proportions in＞70 years old male patients is normal,other male patients are obviously higher than RNI.Carbohydrate energy proportions in male patients are normal,but in female patients of＜50,50～60,60～70 years old are obviously lower than 50%,others are normal.Intake of vitamin A,vitamin C,thiamine,riboflavin,calcium,magnesium, kalium,zinc,selenium are lower than RNI.5.There may be some relationship between central obesity and type 2 diabetes.6.There may be some relationship between nutrition knowledge deficit and type 2 diabetes. |
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