Clinical Epidemiological Study Of Hospital Drug Eruptions In Hefei District

Background Drug eruption is a common adverse drug reaction of membrane and skin, and as a very common disease in dermatology. With the new drugs emerged and used, there are an ascend incidence of drug eruption; especially severe eruption has an acute severe state and a high rate of dead. That should be paid more attention.Objective To study the causative agents, the character and curative effect drug eruption.Methods 1133 cases of drug eruption inpatients were collected from December 1998 to December 2007 in the Dermatology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Affiliated Anhui Province Hospital. In accordance with the methods of clinical epidemiology, we have a retrospective analysis of the pathogenic drug types, the type of skin rash and the efficacy of treatment. The incentives of drug eruption and the types of drugs were analysised systematically. The relationships between drug eruptions and the primary diseases, pathogenic drug types and types of drug rash, pathogenic drug types and the extent of diseases were analysised, as well as clinical prognosis between severe and non-severe drug eruption.Result The mean age of morbidity is 42.52±19.94. Sex ratio is 1:1.06.The drug most often responsible for the drug eruption areβ-lactam antibiotics (40.60%), sedative hypnotic and anti-epileptic drugs (11.39%) and antipyretic analgesic drugs (10.24%). Among the clinical types, morbiliform-scarlatiniform drug eruption takes up 45.46%, urticaria type takes up 18.71% and erythema multiforme type takes up 15.71%.The causative agents of morbiliform-scarlatiniform type are penicillins(33.39%), cepholosporins(14.76%)and analyesics(10.49%).The most common causative agents for urticaria are cepholosporins (26.89%), penicillins (25.47%), serum products(18.40%),and sedative hypnotic and anti-epileptic drugs(15.57%). Erythema multiforme type caused mainly by cepholosporins (22.47%),Traditional Chinese drugs (13.48%) and penicillins(13.48%). Severe drug eruption include Steven-Johns syndrome (2.21%), severe exfolialive dermatitis (4.77%) and drug-induced bullosa epidermolysis (2.56%).The are caused mainly by sedative hypnotic and anti-epileptic drugs (42.59%), antigo agents (21.30%) and analgesics (10.19%). There are 74 cases of fixed drug eruption (6.53%), sulfa drugs in 37 cases, of which 54 cases of male, 20 cases of female. During 1133 cases of drug eruption, The number of patients with upper respiratory tract infections were 602 cases (53.13%),121 cases of epilepsy (10.68%), 102 cases of gout (9.01%), 71 cases of skin diseases (6.27% ), 63 cases of digestive system diseases(5.56%), 59 cases of gynecological diseases (5.21%), 30 cases of bites (2.65%), 18 cases of nervous system diseases (1.59%), 13 cases of cardiovascular disease (1.15%) , and other diseases caused 54 cases of drug eruption (4.76%). During non-severe drug eruption, the number of patients with upper respiratory tract infections were 572 cases (55.80%), 30 cases (27.78%) for severe drug eruption. Compare with other nonsevere drug eruption, Age of morbidity of severe drug eruption is high, The common complications were membrane, liver and kidney dysfunction, high rate of fever. The dose of corticosteroid used in severe drug eruption was significantly higher than non-severe group.Conclusions Patients with drug eruption are almost young people, The incidence has no significant differences between men and women. The drugs most often responsible for the drug eruption areβ-lactam antibiotics, sedative hypnotic and anti-epileptic drugs and antipyretic analgesic drugs in this study. The most common clinical types are morbiliform-scarlatiniform, erythema multiforme and urticaria type, cepholosporins and penicillins are mainly responsible for the three kinds of drug eruptions. the most common involved drugs to severe drug eruptions are sedative hypnotic. Fixed drug eruptions give priority to sulfonamides and male significant more than female. The most common primary affection of drug eruption is upper respiratory tract infections. There are no significant differences between severe and nonsevere group of morbidity sex, delitescence and age when drug eruptions occur, in severe group, fever, membrane damage and complications are higher, the time in hospital is longer than nonsevere group. The dose of corticosteroid used in severe drug eruption was significantly higher than non-severe group.