| Objective: Smac protein (Second mitochodria-derived activator of caspase) was a proapoptosis protein releasing from mitochondrion, which induces cell apoptosis by relieving the inhibition of IAP(inhibitor of apoptoses proteins), which bands with caspase(Cysteine aspartic acic specific protease). Smac protein was the unique mammalian protein that can inhibit IAPs by direct binding. Esophageal carcinoma was the epithelial malignant tumor of the esophageal squamous epithelial tissue, which was one of the mankind's common malignant tumors. China was an region of high-risk oesophagus cancer , but was also one of the nations of the most death rate of this disease, mean annual rate of increase is 14.59/100,000. The age of onset was general at above 40 years old and the males was more familiar. At present, we had adopted many clinical remedial methods about esophageal cancer, such as surgical operation, radiotherapy, chemotherapeutics, biotherapy etc. However, these methods all have respective limitations. We often cannot got satisfactory curative effect then we deploied simple remedial method to treat Esophageal carcinoma. Recently, domestic and international many scholars adopted rational and planned combined therapy to the Esophageal carcinoma. They expected to increase patients disease free life span and long-term survival rate. Nevertheless, the curative effect was not satisfactory. The aim of this study was to analyze the infouence of Smac and Caspase-3 to esophageal squamous carcinoma occurrence and development by examining the expressivity of Smac and Caspase-3 in the tissue of esophageal squamous carcinoma and provide clinical research of esophageal carcinoma with scientific theory.Methods: We detected Smac and Caspase-3 levels of esophageal carcinoma by applying flow cytometry. The paraffin block specimens were all from the esophageal disease patients therapied in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2000 to 2002, of which 75 cases belonged to esophageal squamous carcinoma tissue, among them male 50 cases, female 25 cases, the age from 46 to 77 years old, the mean age was 57 years old. According to the standard of TNM staging(UICC, 2002), 12 cases belong to T1 stage, 23 cases belong to T2 stage, 40 cases belong to T3 stage, 28 cases belong to N0 stage, 47 cases belong to N1 stage. We took the 39 cases pericarcinoma tissue for comparison. We incision of specimens into 3 to 4 paraffin slices which thickness was about 40 micrometer. Then one by one in order carry on deparaffinaging, hydrating, digesting, filtering, centrifuging, labeling, and then we detected the single-cell suspension liquid by adopted to Folw cytometry. We took PBS solution to be negative control and FITC solution to be positive control. Fluorescence intensity(mean±standard deviation) or flourescence index(FI) represent the testing result. The operations of the end are used SPSS13 statistical software to analyze examination result, included Chi square test, Kruskal walli test, Mann-Whitney test, Pearson correlation analysis, etc.Results:(1)The expression of Smac in the different tissue: The Smac positive expression rate in esophageal squamous carcinoma was 62.7% , the positive expression rate in esophageal pericarcinoma tissues was 92.3%. The difference of Smac expression between esophageal carcinoma tissues and esophageal pericarcinoma tissues was significant(P<0.05).(2) The expression of Caspase-3 in the different tissue: The Caspase-3 positive expression rate in esophageal squamous carcinoma was 78.7% , the positive expression rate in esophageal pericarcinoma tissues was 94.9%. The difference of Caspase-3 expression between esophageal carcinoma tissues and esophageal pericarcinoma tissues was significant(P<0.05).(3) The relationship between the expression of Smac protein and Survivin protein in esophageal squamous carcinoma and clinocopatholonical characteristics: No correlation was observed between expression intensity of Smac protein and Caspase-3 protein and some clinocopatholonical characteristics(age, gender, infiltration); There was not association between the expression of Smac protein in esophageal squamous carcinoma and lymph node metastasi, the difference was not significant (P>0.05); There was association between the expression of Caspase-3 protein in esophageal squamous carcinoma and lymph node metastasi, the difference was significant (P<0.05).(4) The correlation between the expression of Smac protein and Caspase-3 protein: the average fluorescence intensity expression of Smac in esophageal squamous carcinoma was 170.42±79.92, the average fluorescence intensity expression of Caspase-3 in esophageal squamous carcinoma is 200.73±79.03. There was a positive correlation between the expression of Survivin and Smac in esophageal squamous carcinoma (r=0.735 , P<0.01). The average fluorescence intensity expression of Smac in esophageal pericarcinoma tissues was 271.65±147.76; The average fluorescence intensity expression of Caspase-3 in esophageal pericarcinoma tissues was 265.24±87.8. There was a positive correlation between the expression of Survivin and Smac in esophageal pericarcinoma tissues (r=0.421,P=0.008<0.01).Conclusion:(1) The expression of Smac protein and Caspase-3 protein in esophageal squamous carcinoma tissue was obviously lower than them in esophageal pericarcinoma tissue.(2) No correlation was observed between expression intensity of Smac protein and Caspase-3 protein and the patients age, gender and infiltration of esophageal squamous cancer. There was not association between the expression of Smac protein in esophageal squamous carcinoma and lymph node metastasi. Inversely, there was association between the expression of Caspase-3 protein in esophageal squamous carcinoma and lymph node metastasi.(3) There were positive correlation between Smac protein and Caspase-3 protein in carcinoma tissue and pericarcinoma tissue. When Smac protein presented high expression, Caspase-3 protein presented presented high expression too. Otherwise, Caspase-3 protein presented low expression. |
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