The Morphological Observation Of Surface Structural Feature And Internal Vascular System Of Ovary

Objective: Ovary is the intraperitoneal substantive organ and female genital gland. At present, there are different opinions on vascular system architecture and surface lymphatic stomata of ovary. Clearing up this problem has significant clinical meaning of abdominal metastasis, ascites formation and evolution, and surgical excision of ovary tumors.In this dissertation, we focus on the problem of rodent ovarian tissues and ovarian surface peritoneal characteristics. Based on the morphological evidences for the structural basis of ovarian hormone-releasing way and normal transport pathway, morphological feature of ovarian lymphatic vessels are inquired, the relationship between ovary and its surface peritoneum is discussed, and vascular system architecture of ovary is revealed.Methods: 1. Five female adult SD rats and five rabbits were used in this experiment. All animals were sacrificed under deep anesthesia and ovarian tissues were harvest. Frozen section was used for analysis by liquid nitrogen refrigeration. And the serial sections was included with HE staining for control observations. The ovary tissues, ovarian surface peritoneum and vascular system architecture were observed under light microscope (LM). The distribution characteristic and species differences of ovarian vessel and lymphatic vessels were further clarify with 5'-nucleotidase-alkalinephosphatase (5'-nase-akpase) double staining.2. Two female adult SD rats and two rabbits were used for ultrastructure of ovary, its capsule, and characteristic of cortex and medulla of ovary through transmission electron microscope (TEM). Ultrastructural characteristics of Capillaries and lymph capillaries in the ovaries were distinguished during the observation.3. Two female adult SD rats and two rabbits were used in this experiment. And it's ovary tissue was fixed with 3% paraformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde by using perfusion fixation. Then the ovary was taken for preparation of sample of scanning electron microscope (SEM). The ovarian surface characteristic and species differences were observed by SEM. The ovary tissues and internal vascular system architecture were observed by DMSO freeze-cracking method.Results: 1. LM observation: (1) HE staining: The surface of ovary consists of monolayer cube epithelia or flattened epithelium. The thin dense connective tissue in the subcutaneous layer constitute albuginea. The parenchyma of ovary divides into peripheral cortex and central medulla. But there is no obvious boundary with each other. The small follicles, corpus lutea, white bodies and vascular structures could be found inside the cortex of ovary. The loose structure and vascular structures whose lumen were large could be detected in medulla. (2) 5'-nase-akpase double staining: The structure and characteristic were similar with HE staining. However, 5'-nase-akpase double staining could effectively distinguish vascular structures. The stronger 5' nase brown reactions appear in lymphatic vessel whose lumen was thin, large and irregular. And the stronger ALPase blue reactions present in blood vessels whose lumen was thick and narrow. And mostly the lumen was round. Compared rabbits with rats, the numbers of ovarian lymphatic vessels were higher and the lumen were larger. But the distribution had the same position.2. TEM observation: The ultrastructure of lymph capillaries is similar with other organs. That is, the lumen which constructed by monolayer endothelial cells was thin. The basement membrane was discontinuous or absent. There was no pericyte. The nucleus presented a tendency to be convex to the lumen. The plasmalemma folded entad forming processes. Anchoring fine fibres connected lymph capillaries and peripheral connective tissue. Based on the above characteristics, the difference between Capillaries and lymph capillaries has been obtained. This is the reliable method of lymph capillary affirmation.3. SEM observation: On rat ovarian surface, there were mass and reptant microvilli. There was distinct difference between the two kinds of ovarian epithelium. Flat cells with mass microvilli take the shape of a polygon. In the joint of adjacent cells, the long and dense microvilli construct the cellular boundary. The surface of cuoidal cell was convex, and the profile was clear. Between adjacent cuoidal cells, occasionally between flat cells, existed greater crevice or lymphatic stomata. Compared rabbits with rats, the bar-shaped or spot microvilli distribution are homogeneous, mass and dense on the ovarian surface. milky spots formed by aggregation of macrophages can also be observed. Flat cells appeared in spindle-shape. The soma of cuoidal cells are full. And the surface of cube epithelia appeared in hemispherical shape. Between the cuoidal cells of ovarian surface, static and migrated macrophages could be observed. And there were many pseudopodia on the cell surface.Conclusions: There are blood and lymphatic vessels inside the ovarian parenchyma of rats and rabbits. But vascular structures were more and larger in medulla. the ovarian endothelial cells of lymph capillaries form overlapping connectivity channels and plasmalemma vesicle system, which exerts important roles in transporting tissue fluid and macromolecule. Two kinds of cells, flat cells and cuoidal cells, cover on rat ovarian surface. The crevice or lymphatic stomata between adjacent cuoidal cells construct the basic structure of connection of tissue fluid and peritoneal cavity. The distributional and structural features of overian vascular system, and its relationship with peritoneal cavity still need to be further observed and studied.