| ObjectThrough the analysis of the data of contagious disease surveillance in Tai'an city( 1961-2005),we can fully understand the different levels and components of contagious diseases in different times, explore related factors affecting the change of contagious disease .And provide scientific basis for the formulation of health policies and other relevant policies.MethodAnalyze the information using descriptive epidemiological methods.The Analysis of incidence and trend of contagious disease: Through the incidence rate curve of contagious diseases in the years 1961-2005, analyze the trend and speed of the of the incidence strength of contagious diseases in dynamic series. By the level of the contagious diseases, 1961-2005 will be divided into three periods. By comparing constitutive ratio in different periods, analyze the change in the spectrum of contagious diseases at different stages.The analysis of the incidence of crucial contagious diseases: analyze the reprehensive diseases of each category. Analyze long-term trends of the disease through the incidence of contagious diseases each year; through the monthly incidence of contagious diseases in different regions and age, gender and occupational incidence ratios , analyze the changes of incidence of diseases in the three different distributions.Result(1) 1961～2005, Tai'an City, 24 contagious diseases has been reported. The incidence rate of contagious diseases was in downward trend, dropped 93.94%from 1961 (2865. 87/10 million) to 2005 (173. 66/10 million) . 1961 — 1979,The average annual incidence rate was 1369.22/10 million. The first five major diseases were malaria, measles, meningitis, whooping cough,dysentery and hepatitis. 1980—1989, The average annual incidence rate of contagious diseases was 336.04/10 million. The first five major diseases were hepatitis, malaria, hemorrhagic fever and whooping cough. 1990～2005, The average annual incidence rate was 136.27/10 million. And the first five major diseases were dysentery, hemorrhagic fever, tuberculosis and gonorrhea.(2) 1961～1971, the incidence rate of viral hepatitis showed a downward trend, 18.19/10 million average annual incidence ratio, no significant high month; 1972～1994, the high prevalence of hepatitis was occurred. There were six peaks, generally occurred once every 3～5 years, the incidence rate was in 87.01/10 million to 355.64/10 million, most occurred in August ～December . The incidence of hepatitis appeared to be easing after rising in 1995～2005, average annual incidence rate was 69.54/10 million, no significant high month. 1990-1994, HAV accounted for 73.79% in hepatitis cases, HBV accounted for 21.67%. In 1995～2005,HBV accounted for86.86%in the incidence of hepatitis ,and the non- type accounted for 6.35%,HAV accounted for 6.12%.(3) 1961～2005, incidence rate of malaria showed a drop tendency,the incidence rate dropped from 1420.49/10 million to 0.033/10 million; 1961～ 1986, the local pop period, the average incidence rate was 289.46/10., the average mortality rate is 0.004/10 million, with the average mortality rate of 0.001%, appeared in 1961. 1971 there were two peaks, mainly in the 7～10 month; during 1987～2005, average annual incidence rate is 0.036/10, no deaths, no significant month.(4) From 1984 to 2005,The incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome precented a drop tendency . There were two peaks during 1985～ 1987 and 1994-1996, incidence declined sharply in 2003, to 1.22/10 in 2005; Cases distributed mainly in 3～6 months and 9～10 months; farmers, students and workers, were high careers.(5) During 1997～2003, the incidence rate of TB was consistent .since 2004 the incidence of TB displays a increasing tendency.January each year was the highest period. The cases mostly distributed the 15—24 year-old age group and the 45—64 year-old age group. The proportion of farmers was the hightest, followed by students and workers.(6) From 1961 to 2005,The incidence rate of measles displayed downward trend. In 1961～1975, there were four measles epidemic times, every 2～ 3 years, a popular peak Case concentrated in winter, children below 15 suffered most. The proportion of the elder age group was markedly increased. (7) 1961～2005, the incidence rate of ECM showed a downward trend . 1965～ 1969, 1976～1978, showed two popular peak, in 1980, the incidence rate of meningitis sustained decline .in the past 10 years, the incidence rate of meningitis has been at a relatively low level. Mainly concentrated in the winter and spring seasons, most below 15 years of age. Most cases of meningitis is scattered children, followed by students, resently, the proportion of scattered children and students shows a rising tendency.(8) 1961— 2005 , the incidence rate of dysentery showed a downward trend.The cases are mainly occurred between July and September, and occurred in children under 5 years of age, followed by young adults aged 20～40. The highest incidence of the dysentery is scattered children, followed by farmers, workers and students.(9) 1961-2005, the typhoid's incidence rate decreased from 162.2/10 million by 1961, to 0. 4/10 million in 2005. More cases were occurred between August and November, mainly distributed in farmers aged 10～39.Conclusion1961 ～ 2005, the incidence of contagious diseases in Tai'an is decreased. In the 1960s and 1970s, the prevalence of contagious diseases is high, these diseases are mainly respiratory contagious diseases and insect-borne disease; The first half of the 1980s and 1990s, the prevalence of contagious diseases is lower, the incidence of intestinal contagious disease in the main; The latter half of the 1990s, the incidence of contagious diseases has been at the lower level, which increased slightly .The high incidence of contagious diseases are blood-borne diseases, followed by respiratory tract infections. Because of the implementation of vaccination, measles, meningitis, hepatitis and other disease are controlled. We should ensure the vaccination of school-age crowd, at the same time, strengthening the epidemic pathogens or serum's monitoring. According to the monitoring results, timely adjusted the vaccination strategy to expand coverage and control the epidemic or rebound.The insect-borne communicable diseases should be prevented comprehensive (mainly controlled the source of infection. Actively searches were carried out to find more infections.Mainly to the natural foci of hemorrhagic fever with sexually transmitted diseases should be taken to cut off the main route of transmission of a comprehensive prevention. Strengthen epidemic, rodent infestation, rodent-borne rate monitor, and vigorously breeding the rodents. Further improving the detection rate of tuberculosis, and strengthen the management of DOTS regular treatment. To strengthen the supervision and management of food hygiene, improved sanitation facilities, vigorously patriotic health campaign and health education. There is a certain effect to reduce the incidence of food-borne diseases. Blood-borne diseases should be taken to cut off the main route of transmission of a comprehensive prevention and control measures to prevent the epidemic from taking place. |
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