The Research Of Children With Gingival Simle In Morphology Using Cephalometric Measurements

The effect of orthodontic therapy not only depends on the improvement of occlusal function and the alignment of dentition, but also the attainment of the best possible esthetic result, dentally and facially. These qualities should be judged not only in repose, but in animation as well, especially the proper positioning of the incisors in relationship to the lips when relaxed as well as when smiling. Such improvement of facial esthetics is benefical to gain the attractive, well-balanced smile for patients and increase their charm. As a result, to improve smile has always been one of duties and aims for orthodontists, orthognathic surgeons and plastic and reconstructive surgeons. The purpose of the research is to discusss the skeletal, dentoalveolar, occlusal and facial features of patients with gingival smiles and provide the support and improvement for clinic treat to patients with gingival smile and analyze the reasons for the formation of the gingival smile more deeply than ever. The objects for the research comes from out patients of HuaXi stomatology hospital from 2002 year to 2004 year. We selected 202 patients with gingival smiles through photograghs when smiling. The age of all these patients rangesfrom 12 to 16 years old, including 98 males with a mean age of 13.5 years and 102 females cases with a mean age of 13.4 years. Then we measured their cephalometric films and analyzed the results. We divided all objects into several groups according to sex and the results of measurement and adopted independent-samples T test and patial correlation coefficient. At last we get several conclusions as follows.1. The skeletal relationship of most patients with gingival smiles isskeletal Class II and ,in the next place, skeletal Classs I . From growthpattern aspect, most patients is the average growth pattern, and next, the vertical growth pattern. Then, we divded the patients into two groups by sex and found the rule is also the same as the former. The proportion of femalepatients with vertical growth pattern or skeletal Class II relation is higherthanthat of male patients. Patients with horizontal growth pattern or skeletal class III are rare.2. Females with gingival smiles outnumber males with gingival smiles, which indicates that female may be easy to expose gingival when smiling.3. The reasons of gumming smile are very complex and often are caused by the interation among many skeletal and facial multiple factors. We found that gingival smiles are related to anterior vertical maxillary excess, posterior mandibular dentalalveolar height deficient, the increase of ANB, SNA, SNB Angle, the decrease nasial and labial angle , the back and down rotation of mandibular plane, the labial inclination of the upper incisor teeth, greater overjet and geater overbite and greater interlaial gap at rest.4. In general, fators that had no difference with the nomal occlusion people are upper-lip length, palatal plane angle.The research conlusions about skeletal and facial morphology features topatients with gingival smiles found some flaws for previous research conclusions, and at the same time, validated some research conclusions in recent years. The research made our study more deep and complete and provided us some evidences and support for correcting the unpleasant disfiguring exposure of the upper gum in a retracted upper lip during a smile.