| Periodontal diseases are the most common oral and infectious disease for human all over the world. The incidence of periodontal disease for adult people is over 50% —85%, periodontal disease is the leading cause for adult teeth loss, which can significantly affect the patient's oral function of mastication, pronunciation, esthetics and also the physical and psychological health. Bacteria, especially the anaerobic bacteria, is the initiating factor for periodontal disease development, so how to effectively control the periodontal anaerobic infection becomes into one of the objectives for treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases.There are two methods being used in clinics for eliminating or decreasing pathological bacteria. One is to remove all the dental plaque and calculus attached on the teeth surfaces by using mechanical tools in order to decreasing the amount of bacteria around teeth. Scaling has been testified to be the preliminary periodontal treatment and getting satisfying results. Ultrasonic scaling is now becoming the mainstream for clinical basic treatment, which showed higher working efficacy and good cleaning results. But the working rationale and character are different and still lacking domestic report about the different types of ultrasonic scaler on their advantages and disadvantages, which brings some difficult on the selection of different types scaler for clinical usage. The another way is to control the periodontal anaerobic bacteria by using drugs. The most widely used drugs particularly anti-anaerobic bacteria are metronidazole and tinidazole. Theoretically the tinidazole may be preferred for clinicaltreatment, but the oral application may bring some problems such as relatively higher dosage, nausea, liver damage, anorectic reaction, etc. Topical usage of drugs may overcome these shortcomings and being the research focus recently.The first part of this research is to assess and compare the clinical effects of magnetrostrictive ultrasonic units with piezoelectric ultrasonic units on periodontal prophylaxis by using self-case control method. 32 patients with chronic gingivitis or periodontitis (probing depth < 3.5mm) were selected and accepted supragingival scaling. Each patients' A6, A1, D1 and D6 were treated by EMS, B1, B6, C6 and C1 were treated by Cavitron SPS. The time used for each instrumentation,the sensitive feeling of the patients and the operating feeling of the doctors were collected during and after the treatment. The periodontal indices (BOP, PLI, GI, PD) were recorded just before and 7 days after treatment. The results showed that magnetrostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic units were equally effective in reducing BOP PLI GI and PD. The difference between the two Groups is not significant, and there is no much uncomfortable for both ultrasonic units. The two kinds of ultrasonic scaler could effectively in reducing all the clinical parameters of gingivitis.The second part of this research is to observe the clinical effects and safety of topical tmidazole tablet by using random, double-blind and parallel control method. There are 68 patients enrolled this clinical trial and each group with 34 patients. At the ending time, only 29 patients in each group were satisfied to the requirement for statistical analysis which still accord with the design. The results showed that the general status (age, sex, clinical signs and periodontal indices, etc) are balanced between the two groups at the baseline. The average clinical value and laboratory test value are similar in both groups, there are significantly differences before and after drug treatment, but there is no difference between the two groups. The clinical signs are improved and most of bacteria were eliminated. There are 5 patients...
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