Studies On The Facture Of Bag-controlled Released Calcium Fertilizer And Its Effect On Fruit Trees

Because the physiological diseases happen seriously in fruit production and lack high efficient technique of calcium supplement, we make calcium fertilizer using bag-controlled fertilizer technique. The release characteristics of bag-controlled Calcium fertilizer was studied. With the'Red Fuji'apple in field as the material, the effect of different design of bag-controlled calcium fertilizer on nutrient,yield and quality of apple were studied. Meanwhile, in order to seek the calcium absorbing accelerant, we studied the effect of L-glutamate on calcium absorbing in apple rootstock. The results showed as follows:1. In field condition, the release periods of bag controlled-release compound fertilizer of calcium nitrate and bag controlled-release of compound fertilizer of calcium ammonium nitrate were longer than its separate bag controlled-release, the nutrient release period was about 200 days. The nutrient's release measure of five rows microhole was about 50% within 90 days, about 86% within 180 days. But the nutrient's release measure of one rows microhole ,which separately contains a kind of calcium, was exceed 75% in 90 days, the nutrient's release period was about 135 days.2.Compared to the same amount of fertilizer that was disperse application, bag-controlled released of compound fertilizer that compound calcium nitrate or calcium ammonium nitrate with ammonium phosphate dibasic and potassium sulphate make the exchangeable calcium concentration of soil improve by 49.38%～70.72%, the calcium concentration of leaves 19.75%～39.25%, the calcium concentration of fruit 35.19%～37.5%,and the concentration of N,P and K in soil,leaves and fruits improve prominence. Compared to the bag-controlled released of urea compound fertilizer, the concentration of soil's exchangeable calcium separate increased by 11.53%～29.57% and 20.65%～37.51%. When the fruit mature, the calcium concentration of leaves applying bag-controlled released of calcium nitrate compound fertilizer increased by 12.82% and bag-controlled released of calcium ammonium nitrate compound fertilizer increased by 27.35%, the calcium concentration of fruit increased by 26.69% and 31.31%, and the concentration of N,P and K of soil,leaves and fruit have less increase. Compared to separate bag-controlled released being bag-controlled released of calcium nitrate compound fertilizer make the exchangeable calcium concentration of soil increase by 6.45%～55.93%; the calcium concentration of leaves increase by 13.69%～32.14% in whole growth season, when fruit mature, the calcium concentration of fruit increased by 14.68% and 17.38%, and the concentration of N,P and K of soil,leaves and fruit have less increase. There has less difference between bag-controlled released of calcium ammonium nitrate compound fertilizer and bag-controlled released of calcium nitrate compound fertilizer on calcium concentration of soil,leaves and fruit.3.Compared to the same amount of disperse application fertilizer ,being bag-controlled released of compound fertilizer that compound calcium nitrate or calcium ammonium nitrate with ammonium phosphate dibasic and potassium sulphate makes chlorophyll content increase by 3.37%～36.35% in whole growth season, when fruit mature, the single fruit weight separate increased by 15.31% and 19.95%, the SSC of fruit separate increased by 20.41% and 30.24%, the hardness of fruit separate increased by 9.07% and 16.31%, and the yield of plant separate increased by 24.98% and 20.53%. Compared to the bag-controlled released of urea, when fruit nature, the chlorophyll content increased by 27.6% and 34%, the single fruit weight separate higher 14.85g and 29.79g, the SSC of fruit separate increased by 3.53% and 25.66%, the hardness of fruit separately increased by 2.66% and 11.53%, and the yield of plant separately increased by 13.91% and 16.66%. Compared to separate bag-controlled released ,bag-controlled released calcium nitrate compound fertilizer make chlorophyll content increase by 27.89% and 19.38%, the weight of fruit separately increased by 18.07g and 10.51g, the SSC of fruit separately increased by 14.13% and 7.85%, the hardness of fruit have less increase, and the yield of plant have less improve. The single fruit weight , which was appling bag-controlled released of calcium ammonium nitrate compound fertilizer , higher 14.65g than which was appling bag-controlled released of calcium nitrate compound fertilizer, the SSC of fruit increased by 10.68%, the hardness of fruit increased by 8.64%, the yield of plant have less improve. The chlorophyll content between the two treatments have less difference, but the chlorophyll content present increase tend in late growth season.4. The calcium concentration of the Malus hupehensis Rehd.var.pinyiensis Jiang that treatment with the difference concentration of L-glutamate than control improved obviously, separately improved 3.89times, 4.73times and 7.46times. The calcium concentration of the roots and stems of the Malus robusta Rehd. that with difference concentration of L-glutamate than control have certain improve. The primary root length,lateral roots length and the lateral root number of the Malus hupehensis Rehd.var.pinyiensis Jiang with the 50μmol/L L-glutamate treatment was the longest.