Study On Early-Fruiting Apple Varieties' Adaptability In Western Henan Province

Western Henan Province is suitable for growing apple trees.It account for38.6%and 40.7%respectively of Henan's planting area and its yield.But the late-fruiting varieties account for a large proportion and the picking period is too concentrated,which affect the benefits.This experiment aims at choose high quality early-fruiting apple varieties from home and abroad which adapt to western Henan province.Thus,apple benefits can be raised through taking full advantage of scarce time of market supply.This thesis makes Malus pumila Mill as its subject,choosing 22 high quality early-fruiting apple varieties from home and abroad such as Geneva Early,Vista Bella,NJ52,Kizashi,OBIR-2T-47,Anna,Royal Gala,Italy Zaohong,NY543,Red Tsugaru,Hua guan,Liao fu,Yun zao guan,Yunfu,New Jonagold,Jonagold,Golden Delicious,Yunxu,Tianshui Red ralls,Starkrimson,Redchief Del,Valley Spur Delicious etc,studying the atmosphere in which they grow,biological characteristics,appearances of the fruits, interior quality and anatomy of the fruits.The following are the findings of this thesis:1.Investigation of the atmosphere of Luoning County indicates that this region is suitable for the growth of apple trees.2.As to the adaptability,three years' field investigation and observation show that the 22 varieties grow well in the region.Five of the 22 varieties formed flower-buds and fructified in the 1st year after field planting net;15 of which in the 2nd year and all the 22 formed flower-buds and fructified in the 3rd year.The yield of OBT-2T-47,Royal Gala amount to 2658.13 kg/666.7 m~2,2898.42 kg/666.7 m~2 respectively,which shows the high yield of the varieties and the advantage of meeting the scarce time of the market.Compared with those of Liaoning main apple productive region,the maturing-period was advanced by 15-20days;the shortest is only 50 days.Apple saplings are characterized by larger vegetative growth,more super long shoot,more shooting times as well as the fruiting habits of super long shoot repeatedly growing shoot and axillary flower-bud.They constitute the structure basis of early fruiting and high yield. 3.As to the appearance of the fruits,observation and research find that,in the ecological surroundings of the region,the fruit has a near to round shape with smaller fruit shape index;and that most varieties have fine coloring and brightness,which means high commercial value.4.As to the interior quality of the fruits,application of fruit sclerometer,saccharimeter,total sugar mensuration of Mosuxun,acidity test of titering process etc shows that there exists a regularity of the less hardness of the early-fruiting varieties than that of middle-stage variety,that the content of solid solvent is barely different from that of other main apple productive regions and that the sugar content nears to or surpasses that of Liaoning district.5.As to the skin of the fruit of the 22 varieties in western Henan Province,there exists a regularity of lager density of skin pores of middle-stage varieties than that of early-fruiting apple varieties,and larger skin pores of the early-fruiting apple varieties than that of middle-stage varieties;also there exists a regularity of the deeper wax layer of the middle-stage varieties than that of the early-fruiting varietiesThrough test and analysis of physiological,ecological and anatomical items of 22 varieties' fruit outward appearance,internal quality,resistance and adaptation,this thesis draws the conclusion that OBT-2T-47,Royal Gala,Geneva Early are first-choosing varieties which are suitable for growing in western Henan province.