Effect Of Tillage On Wheat Yield And Soil Quality In Arid Areas

In order to improve the grain yield of spring wheat in arid areas and provide scientific proof for reasonable culturing system, field experiments were carried out on the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The effects of four different tillage treatments on wheat dry matter accumulation of each organs and grain yield were studied. This four different tillage treatments were conventional tillage (CT),conventional tillage with straw incorporated (CS),no-till with no straw cover(NT) and no-till with straw cover(NTS). In arid areas the change of spring wheat soil moisture, soil nutrient content, soil microbial biomass are analyzed in time and space. The accumulation amount of dry matter,the chlorophyll content,nitrate reductase active,etc.; The major results showed:1. The change of total dry matter accumulation of Xinchun 6 was consistent with the typical"S"curve. The four different tillage treatments all reached maximum values on day30 after anthesis. Compared with CT, the maximum dry matter accumulation amounts of CS , NT and NTS treatments were increased by 15.40%,24.58% and 35.17% respectively. At the same time, the NTS could enlarge the grain filling rate and extend the duration of grain filling, which was enhancing the transportation of the photosynthate after anthesis.2. The degradation of chlorophyll was delayed obviously and the NR activity was increased and the leaf senescence was slowed down in the NTS treatment, so the NTS was the best treatment.3.The NTS increased topsoil layer(0~30cm) to the soil moisture of the spring wheat and field maximum moisture capacity. The NTS can improve water keeping ability from 0 to 30cm than other treatments.4. The NTS was the best tillage which enhanced soil organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen and alkali-soluble phosphorus nutrient content . The CS mostly increased soil organic matter content of 20 ~ 30cm;The soil organic matter, Alkali nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient content of the CS were inferior to the NT, but were higher than the CT in the soi l depth(10 ~ 20cm and20 ~ 30 cm ).5. With the spring wheat growth stages soil microbial biomass (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) was to move ahead gradually increasing trend, both to the maximum in their maturity .The NTS contained the highest total number of microbes (NTS>CS>CT>NT) and with the differences between the treatment has attained a significant or very significant.