Effects Of Mulching And Swarding On The Micro-Ecosystem And Fruit Production And Quality Of Vineyard In Fujian

For the purpose of selecting suitable ways of soil tillage for the culture of grapes in southern part of China, Fujiminori Grape was used as the experimental material and six different kinds of soil tillage methods were designed, which included planting alfalfa (sward), mulching black thin film (black film)) mulching transparent thin film (transparent film), mulching reflection thin film (reflection film), mulching straw (straw), clean tillage (CK).The ecological factors, soil and plant nutrients, growth and development of grapes, fruit quality and the economic benefits of the grape orchard under these six treatments were determined and analyzed. The results were as follows:1. The lowest field temperature and the highest humidity were obtained under straw mulching treatment while thin film treatment had comparatively higher temperature than other treatments after mid-noon time, with a broad daily variation scope of temperature and humidity.2. The curve for the daily variation of temperature on or near the field surface showed "unimodal". The soil temperature under transparent film or black film mulching treatment were 4-8℃higher than clean tillage treatment. Transparent film mulching treatment showed the best wanning effectiveness while black film mulching and sward treatment got the longest warming period. Sward and reflective mulching treatment had a significant warming and keeping temperature effect at low temperature, it can decrease effect at high temperature. The effect of the a decrease in temperature of straw at high temperature was the most obvious.3. The peak value for the soil moisture content appeared in 20-30 cm of the soil surface. During the flowering stage the highest soil moisture content occurred under straw treatment. At the fruit ripening stage, clean tillage had the largest soil water content, followed by black film mulching and straw treatment in turn.4. Sward and mulching treatment had promotion and transformation effects on soil N , C, organic matters, available P, K, Zn and B, while the soil under clean tillage had the most entire K and Fe, There was no significant difference between different treatments on entire P and exchangeable Mg²⁺ content.5. The leaf development of grapes under sword and mulching treatments was superior to that under clean tillage and reflective film mulching treatment.6. The fully ripening stage of grape under sward treatment was 5 days earlier than that under clean tillage. The black film mulching treatment made flowering stage about 1-2 days earlier than other treatments, but the fully ripening stage was 4 days later than that under clean tillage. 7. The number of root in the surface layer under mulching was the most, while a comparatively larger quantity of root was found in the deep layer under sword treatment. On the whole, the highest root activity appeared under straw treatment.8. No"noon break" occurred in the diurnal variation of photosynthesis under straw treatment. In the morning the highest photosynthesis velosity occurred under sward treatment but the whole photosynthesis was higher than other treatments under straw and black film treatment.The intercellular CO₂ density, stomatal condactance and transpiration rate under film mulching treatment were the highest.9. The contents of plant nutritive elements as C, P, Mn, Fe under sward treatment were the highest while black film mulching treatment had the highest N, Ca contents. The content of all these plant nutritive elements under straw treatment were comparatively higher.10. Straw treatment had an apparently promotion function on the cluster and weight per fruit of grape.Surface mulching treatment could improve the fruit quality with best effect in black film treatment, followed by straw treatment. The fruit was smaller and the number of seeds was the least under sward treatment but the other quality indexes were better than clean tillage. The quality index of most fruits under dean tillage was the lowest.11. The fruit disease incidence rate was dropped under film mulching treatment while the sward and straw treatment got higher rate than dean tillage. Among these, black film mulching treatment showed the lowest disease incidence rate obviously.12. Surface mulching treatment could improve the fruit quality,yield of grapes and thus enhance the profits in grape prodcution with the best effect in black film treatment , followed by straw treatment.Above all, the results of this experiment were showed that surface mulching black film treatment was the best ways of soil tillage for the culture of grapes in southern part of China, and straw treatment turned second while alfalfa planting management was not suitable for the production of grapes in southern part of China.