| 鈽匱obacco stem is one of the main wastes of Fujian agriculture. There is no appropriate way to make use of it up to now. A large amount of tobacco stems is accumulated beside tobacco fields, rivers or irrigation canals. In this research, the influence on water environment of discarding tobacco stems was studied in immersion test, the feasibility of tobacco stem and chicken manure co-composing was studied in composting test, the efficiency of the compost which was made from tobacco stems was studied in pot culture experiment, a reference for the recycling of tobacco stems was provided. Main results as follows:鈽?. The loss of tobacco stem nutrients after soak tobacco stems in water鈽匱he loss of tobacco stem nutrients was the maximum at the first 10 days after the fresh tobacco stems was soaked in water. The loss ratio of tobacco stem dry matter was 34．52%, the loss ratio of tobacco stem organic matter was 32．16% at the 10th day after fresh tobacco stems was soaked in water. At that time, the loss ratio of tobacco stem nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 24．13%, 74．55%, 79．46% respectively. On the 60th day after the fresh tobacco stems was soaked in water, the loss ratios of tobacco stem dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium was 50．05%銆?6．88%銆?68．68%銆?5．10%銆?5．76% respectively. It is predicted that 906．58 T nitrogen, 247．24 T phosphorus, 2918．64 T potassium will be lost if all the tobacco stems which is produced during a year in Fujian province is accumulated beside tobacco fields, rivers or irrigation canals.鈽?. The influence of tobacco stems to water environment on the condition that tobacco stems was soaked in water鈽?00 g fresh tobacco stems was soaked in 1．5 L water, and a study about the water which the tobacco stems was dipped. The results as follows: During the first ten days after the tobacco stems was soaked in water, the contents of ammoniacal nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium in water was 162．51 mg, 390．78 mg, 110．95 mg, 1640 mg respectively. If all the leach liquor was put in 10m3 water, the contents of ammoniacal nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus in the water will increase to 0．016 mg/L, 0．039 mg/L, 0．011 mg/L respectively. On the 10th, 20th, 30th day after the fresh tobacco stems was soaked in water, the content of COD in the water was 13823．33 mg/L, 10560．00 mg/L, 8726．52mg/L respectively; On the 40th day, the content of COD in the water was 7208．86mg/L. After the tobacco stems was soaked in water for ten days, the decomposing speed of organic matter in the water was faster than that of the inputting speed. There is only a small quantity of nondegradable organic matter in the water after the tobacco stems soaked in the water for 40 days.鈽匢f the leach liquor (1．5 L) which 500 g fresh tobacco stem was soaked in for 10 days was diluted to 500 times, it's volume is 750 L. Its COD is 27．65 mg/L, which is beyond the national standard of V class water. If tobacco stem is accumulated beside tobacco fields, rivers or irrigation canals, the water eutrophication will likely be more serious, and the water anoxia will be promoted forth, the ecosystem around the tobacco fields will likely be destroyed.3．Aerobic composting of tobacco stemIn the compost test: the maximum temperature of tobacco stems and ammonium bicarbonate co-composting treatment was 50℃.The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium contents of the treatment were accumulated. The Germination Index (GI) of the treatment≥56% after composting 50 days. It show that the toxicant content was dropped to safety range; The maximum temperature of the tobacco stems and chicken manure co-composting treatment was 64℃,and the maximum temperature remained for 10 days in the composting process, it met the health standards. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassiu contents of the treatment were also accumulated. And the C/N ratio of the treatment descended faster than that of the tobacco stem and ammonium bicarbonate co-composting treatment. The results show that the co-composting of tobacco stems and chicken manure is better than the co-composting of tobacco stems and ammonium bicarbonate.4．The parameter used to evaluate the maturity of compostsThe temperature of the tobacco stems and chicken manure co-composting treatment (treatment A) and the temperature of the tobacco stems and ammonium bicarbonate co-composting treatment (treatment B) were both leveled at the ambient temperature after composted for 30 days. The NH4+-N/NO3--N ratios of treatment A and treatment B was 0．11, 0．14 respectively, and they both approached stabilization on the 40th day of composting process. On the 50th day of the composting process,the C/N ratio of treatment A and the C/N ratio of treatment B was 12．98,16．55 respectively, and the C/N ratio of treatment A and treatment B both approached the threshold value of compost stabilization. The Germination Index (GI) of treatment A and the GI of treatment B was 56．70%, 58．31% respectively. The Germination ratios of treatment A and The Germination of treatment B both was 100% at that time.5．The efficiency of the compost which was made from tobacco stems and chicken manureThe main results of the pot culture experiment as follows: the N : P : K application ratio in the treatment in which the tobacco stems and chicken manure co-composting product was applied with chemical fertilizer (combined A treatment) was 1:1．38:2．38 (P was measured by P2O5, K was measured by K2O). The dry matter output of cabbage in combined A treatment was the largest in this test, and its dry output was 7．02 g/pot. The nitrate content in the cabbage of combined A treatment reached the first class of the food standard, the nitrate content in the cabbage was 273．69μg/g. After cabbage harvesting, the available N, available P, and available K contents in the soil of the treatment in which the tobacco stems and chicken manure co-composting product was 204．42 mg/kg, 102．53 mg/kg, 230．28 mg/kg respectively. The tobacco stems and chicken manure co-composting product combined with chemical fertilizer treatment is the best fertilizing plan. The product produced from tobacco stem and chicken manure has better characters than the product produced from tobacco stem and ammonium bicarbonate. |
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